Copyright (c) 2004 Patricia J. Donegan and David Stampe
This file is part of the Munda Lexical Archive. Munda Lexical Files
are neither complete nor error-free. But they may be copied, corrected,
augmented, translated, transliterated, re-arranged, redistributed, or
republished in any form, provided that such derivative works explicitly
impose exactly these same conditions, to guarantee their unrestricted
use by speakers and students of the languages they describe, in perpetuity.
/A/ - mid central non-palatal non-labial vowel, like Hindi, Telugu, or accented English . /A/ occurs finally only in prefixes e.g. /A-/ `possessive', /A-/ `non-3rd person plural', and is never final in lexical morphemes or words. /A-/ prefixes before /A/ coalesce as /a/, e.g. /algamlay/ `we spoke with each other' from //A-Al-gam-l-ay// `plural-reciprocal-speak-past-1st person', or /ayO/ `his fish' from //A-AyO// `possessive-fish'. /A/ also optionally becomes /a/ when it is lengthened by accent or expressive drawling, e.g. with initial accent, /a-si?iG-An/ beside /A-si?iG-An/ `his house' (`possessive-house-article'). /A/ unaccented in nonfinal syllables is often elided before liquids, e.g. /tr+b-An/ beside /tAr+b-An/ `cloud' (`cloud-article'), /sitri-n/ beside /sittAri-n/ `millet' (`millet-article'). /A/ is the regular Sora substitute for non-final /A/ in words borrowed from other languages, but /a/ is used for final /A/. This is also true in older borrowings from Oriya, where Oriya now has /O/, e.g. Sora /pARAsa/, current Oriya /pONOsO/, cf. Hindi /pANAsA/; in current borrowings from Oriya, Soras use /O/ for Oriya /O/. ??Add Munda correspondences.
(:) {V} ``to ^wash (a part of one's body)''. !Occurs only with incorporated body-part noun object. #11.
(L) {V(lenay)} ``to ^wash_one's_^feet''. |\ `foot, leg'. Nom. . Caus. `to wash someone's feet'. #20.
(@) {V(lenay)} ``to ^wash_one's_^face''. |\ `eye'. Nom. . Caus. `to wash someone's face'. #30.
(LM) {V(lenay)} ``to ^wash_one's_^hands''. |\ `hand'. Nom. . Caus. `to wash someone's hands'. #40.
(:) ??unanalyzed #51.
(@) {N} ``head (lit. head of), principal, main, front''. !Only bound to noun possessor. |\ `head'. #60.
(L) {N} ``top of the clearing for cultivation on the slope of a hill''. #70.
(L) {N} ``big toe''. |\ `foot'. #80.
, (L) {N} ``thumb''. |\ `hand', `shoot of a plant'. #90.
(L) {N} ``index finger''. Lit., finger adjacent to thumb. #100.
(L^) {N} ``front of a house''. |\, `house'. #110.
(L) {N} ``a ladle''. #120.
(L) {V(lenay)} ``to surround, crowd''. |Plural only. Nom. . #130.
(L) {V(liJ)} ``to cry loudly''. *Onomatopoeic. #140.
(L) {N} ``foam, lather''. #150.
(L) {N} ``broth, meat juice''. |For also , , , etc. #160.
(L) {N} ``water strained from cooked rice''. #170.
(L) {ADV} ``in a hurry''. #180.
(L) {IND} ``quickly''. #190.
(L) {N} ``place to be cleared for planting''. #200.
//(L) {N} ``liver''. #210.
(L) {N} ``top, upper''. #220.
(L) {N} ``insipid, wrinkled, fading''. #230.
(L) {N} ``tang of a knife''. #240.
(L) {N} ``mizzle''. #250.
(L) {N} ``ends of the thatch''. #260.
(L) {N} ``ivory''. #270.
(S) {N} ``^grass''. #280.
(L) {N} ``breast''. #290.
(S) {N} ``^branch of a ^tree, ^stick of ^wood''. ! occurs only in this compound, cf. `^tree for ^timber.' #300.
(L) {N} ``curled hair''. #310.
(L) {N} ``fine husk''. #320.
(L) {N} ``tender leaf''. #330.
(L) {N} ``trigger of a gun''. #340.
(L) {N} ``tear''. #350.
(L) {N} ``joints''. #360.
(L) {N} ``joints of the toes''. #370.
(L) {N} ``the corner ((^edge)) of the mouth''. #380.
(S) {N} ``^tree of any kind''. *Or.<>. E.g. , `^base of ^tree', `big tree', `^trees', `that tree's base.' #390.
(L) {N} ``green hedge''. #400.
(L) {N} ``step, staircase''. !R?. #410.
(S) {N} ``^name''. #420.
(L) {N} ``a broken pot''. #430.
(L) {N} ``the white or albumen of the egg''. #440.
(:) #450.
(L) {N} ``churning stick''. #462.
(L) {X} ``dry''. #470.
(L) {ADJ(dAm)} ``blistered, cracked''. #480.
(L) {IND} ``tightly''. #490.
(L) {N} ``branching out''. #500.
//(L) {N} ``buttock''. #510.
(L) {N} ``down the clearing on the hill for cultivation''. #520.
(L) {N} ``eye of a needle''. #530.
(L) {N} ``^bitterness''. #540.
,,(L) {N} ``a term of abuse, accursed, wicked, abandoned''. ! is less frequent than . #550.
(DL) {N} ``twilight''. #61230.
(L) {N} ``back of the body''. #560.
(L) {N} ``lower portion left in the ground of a tuber that has been dug out''. #570.
(L) {N} ``childless person''. |\ `person'. #580.
(L) {N} ``sole of the foot''. #590.
(L) {N} ``palm of the hand''. #600.
(L) {N} ``border of the cloth''. #610.
(:) #630.
(L) {N} ``index finger''. |Lit. `finger adjacent to thumb'. #102.
(L) {ADJ} ``adjoining''. #640.
(D) {PX} ``^plural''. |Prefix of verbs which require subject-concord (i.e. the classes V(lay) and V(lenay)), expressing the plurality of a 1st pl. exclusive ( `^we') or 2nd pl. `^you') ^subject, e.g. `we (excl.) ate (it)' (contrast `I ate (it)', `we (incl.) ate (it)'), `you (pl.) ate (it)' (contrast `you (sg.) ate (it)'); this prefix coalesces with a following as , e.g. <> -> `we shook our heads', <> -> `we fed (it) to them'; it precedes all other prefixes in the verb, e.g. <> -> `you (pl.) didn't eat (it)', <> -> `you (pl.) didn't understand each other'; the plurality of 3d pl. subjects is expressed by the suffix . #651.
(D) {PX} ``^possessive, ^genitive''. |(1) Prefix of nouns or noun phrases marking them as alienably or inalienably possessed by the preceding 3rd person noun or noun phrase, e.g. `the man's buffalo', `the man's wife', `the man's hair', `his hair', usually simply , `the walls of the man's house', `(its) walls', `his wives', or `their wife', or `their wives' (the ambiguity being due to the ambiguous scope of ); the noun form to which is prefixed is usually the absolute form, but some (not all) nouns with combining forms use these, e.g. or `his eye'; in some of the latter, the possessive-plus-combining form construction has been reinterpreted as absolutive, e.g. as in <> -> `his foot', originally `his foot', cf. / in other dialects. (2) Prefix of certain noun compounds expressing possession of the second member of the compound by the first, e.g. `ivory' (lit. `poss.-tooth-elephant'), `tear' (lit. poss.-eye-water), `buffalo meat' (`poss.-meat-buffalo'), `buffalo broth' (`poss.-water-buffalo'), `buffalo calf' (lit. `poss.f-offspring-buffalo')''. *\^V018 Sa., Kh. genitive suffix; original Possessor<-Ag> Possessed construction has been reinterpreted as Possessor Possessed, with a switch from suffix to prefix; cf. Eng., said to be from ~<(God)?s wounds>; this prepared the way for the use of the prefix as an expression of inalienable possession. Cf. genitive suffix, e.g. `mine.' #661.
\\(D) {N} ``^greens''. #49542.
(D) {V()} ``to ^pick_greens''. Nom. . #680.
(L) {N} ``a kind of ^greens''. #692.
(L) {N} ``a kind of ^greens''. #702.
(H!) {V(lay)} ``to ^shell (beans, nuts)''. Nom. <>. E.g. `I shelled the peanuts and ate them'. #711.
(S) {C} ``^one_only''. !verb suffix, ^pick_up, ^gather, ^pick_up one only. #721.
(S) {V()} ``to ^pick_up one''. #732.
(D) {PX} ``^causative''. #741.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to make more''. #750.
(Z) {V()} ``to do ^puja, to ^worship''. #760.
(M) {V()} ``to ^hinder''. !lit. cause to ^ache. #770.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to ^provoke''. #780.
(L) {V(liJ)} ``to not be angry''. !probably > with assimilation. #790.
(M) {V()} ``to ^annoy''. #800.
(M) {V()} ``to ^tease''. #810.
(M) {V()} ``to ^deny''. #820.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to produce seed, become seed''. #830.
(M) {V()} ``to ^avoid''. #840.
,,(LMMZ) {V(lay)} ``to ^wet, to ^soak, to ^dissolve''. #1820.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to put a support against wall''. #890.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to string a bow, to raise, to erect''. Nom. . #900.
(Z) {V()} ``to ^raise, ^erect, ^string a ^bow''. #910.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to repay, return''. Nom. . #920.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to delay''. Nom. . #930.
(M) {V()} ``to ^send a thing''. #940.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to make some one cry''. Nom. . #950.
(M) {V()} ``to ^circumcise''. #960.
(M) {V()} ``to ^surround''. #970.
(M) {V()} ``to ^respect''. #980.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to stick, to make a thing adhere, to fasten''. Nom. . #9410.
,,(L) {V(lay)} ``to name''. #990.
(L) {INTERJ} ``okay, right, well done''. #1000.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to evaporate, be absorbed, be dried''. #1010.
(Z) {V()} ``to ^evaporate''. #1020.
(M) {V()} ``to ^harvest''. #1030.
,,,,(L) {V(lay)} ``to finish''. Nom. `end'. #1040.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to stick, make a thing adhere''. Nom. . #1050.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to reach, present, place within reach, hand something to another''. Nom. . #1060.
(M) {V()} ``to ^feed''. #1070.
(M) {V()} ``to ^reach for''. #1080.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to seal, close''. #1090.
(M) {V()} ``to ^torture''. #1100.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to lift up, take away''. #1110.
(L) {V(lE)} ``to be eaten away''. #1120.
(Z) {X} ``^exaggerate''. #1130.
(M) {V()} ``to ^grab''. #1140.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to recognise''. Nom. . #1150.
(M) {V()} ``to ^know a person''. #1160.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to do''. Nom. . #1170.
(M) {V()} ``to ^encourage''. #1180.
(L) {V(lE)} ``to take pity''. #1190.
(Z) {C} ``g''. #1200.
(M) {V()} ``to ^send a person''. #1210.
(Z) {V()} ``to ^send''. ! or causative?. #1222.
(L) {V(liJ)} ``to bore a hole''. #1230.
(L) {V(lenay)} ``to come quickly''. Nom. . #1240.
(L) {V()} ``to color, apply some sort of dye, decorate''. #1250.
(M) {V()} ``to ^empty''. #1260.
(Z) {V()} ``to ^put one's ^head in a ^hole''. #1270.
(L) {V(liJ)} ``to recover from laziness''. Nom. . *Or.<>. #1280.
(L) {N} ``bile''. #1290.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to make soft''. #1300.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to bless''. Nom. blessings, prosperity. #1310.
,,(L) {V(lay)} ``to show''. #1320.
(M) {V()} ``to ^guide''. #1330.
(M) {V()} ``to ^show''. #1340.
(L) {IND} ``suddenly''. #1350.
(L) {IND} ``none, nothing''. #1360.
(L) {IND} ``at last''. #1370.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to ignore, leave out''. #1380.
(M) {V()} ``to ^bleach''. #1390.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to halve''. #1400.
(L) {V(lay)} ``to bring back''. #1410.
(M) {V()} ``to ^return, ^give back''. #1420.