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Classification and List of Languages of the World

Based on Merritt Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages, Vol. 1: Classification (Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 1987), pp. 301-378. Info file by Kazuo Morishima, Lawrence Reid, Saranya Savetamalya, David Stampe, Ryo Stanwood, and Fumio Usami, March 1988. HTML version by Stampe, November 2001 (stampe@hawaii.edu) A complete genetic classification of the world's languages arranged in terms of 17 independent phyla. Languages are given in capitalized lower-case letters, groups in all capitals. Languages and groups preceded by + are extinct. The number of languages in each group is shown as [extant+extinct] after the name of the group. The tree is condensed, with ungrouped siblings listed together as branch ".0". Thus the outline on the left stands for the outline on the right: 1. PARENT [3+1]: 1. PARENT [3+1]: 1.0. [1+1] Child-A, +Child-B 1.1. Child-A 1.1. CHILD-C [2]: Grandchild-A, Grandchild-B 1.2. +Child-B 1.3. CHILD-C [2]: 1.3.1. Grandchild-A 1.3.2. Grandchild-B Some diacritics not in Latin1 are coded in TeX fashion with "\". ______________________________________________________________________ Up: Top PHYLA KHOISAN NIGER-KORDOFANIAN NILO-SAHARAN AFRO-ASIATIC CAUCASIAN INDO-HITTITE URALIC-YUKAGHIR ALTAIC CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN ESKIMO-ALEUT ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN SINO-TIBETAN AUSTRIC (MIAO-YAO, AUSTROASIATIC, AUSTRO-TAI (DAIC, AUSTRONESIAN)) INDO-PACIFIC AUSTRALIAN NA-DENE AMERIND OTHER (LANGUAGE ISOLATES, UNCLASSIFIED, PIDGINS AND CREOLES, INVENTED) ______________________________________________________________________ Up: INDEX Next: NIGER-KORDOFANIAN KHOISAN [31+2] 1. HADZA [1]: Hadza 2. SANDAWE [1]: Sandawe 3. SOUTHERN AFRICA [29+2]: 3.1. NORTHERN [4]: Qxû (= !Kung), \/=Au.//eî, Maligo, Ekoka 3.2. CENTRAL [19+1]: 3.2.1. NAMA [3+1]: Nama, Dama, !Ora, +Xiri 3.2.2. HAI.N//UM [1]: Hai.n//um 3.2.3. KWADI [1]: Kwadi 3.2.4. TSHU-KHWE [14]: 3.2.4.1. NORTHEAST [2]: G//abake, Kwee 3.2.4.2. NORTH-CENTRAL [3]: Ganade, Shua, Danisin 3.2.4.3. CENTRAL [1]: Deti 3.2.4.4. NORTHWEST [4]: Buka, Handa, Xû, G//ana 3.2.4.5. SOUTHWEST [4]: Naron, G/wi, G//ani, N/hain.tse 3.3. SOUTHERN [6+1]: 3.3.1. TA'A [4]: !Ô, \/=Hû, N/amani, //Ng.!'e 3.3.2. !WI [2+1]: N/huki, //Xekwi, +/Xam ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: KHOISAN Up: INDEX Next: NILO-SAHARAN NIGER-KORDOFANIAN [1064+4] 1. KORDOFANIAN [32]: 1.1. KADUGLI [9]: 1.1.1. WESTERN [3]: Tulishi, Keiga, Kanga 1.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Miri, Kadugli, Katcha, Tumma 1.1.3. EASTERN [2]: Krongo, Tumtum 1.2. KORDOFANIAN PROPER [23]: 1.2.1. KATLA [2]: Katla, Tima 1.2.2. HEIBAN [10]: 1.2.2.1. EASTERN [2]: Ko, Warnang 1.2.2.2. WEST-CENTRAL [8]: 1.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL [5]: 1.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Rere 1.2.2.2.1.1. EGANG-LOGOL [4]: 1.2.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Utoro, Logol 1.2.2.2.1.1.1. EBANG-LARU [2]: Ebang, Laru 1.2.2.2.2. SHIRUMBA [1]: Shirumba 1.2.2.2.3. WESTERN [2]: Tiro, Moro 1.2.3. TALODI [6]: 1.2.3.0. [1]: Tegem 1.2.3.1. TALODI PROPER [5]: 1.2.3.1.0. [3]: Nding, Jomang, Tocho 1.2.3.1.1. NGILE-DENGEBU [2]: Ngile, Dengebu 1.2.4. RASHAD [5]: Tegali, Tagoi, Tingal, Tukum, Turum 2. NIGER-CONGO [1032+4]: 2.1. MANDE [29]: 2.1.0. [1]: Bobo-Fing 2.1.1. NORTHERN-WESTERN [18]: 2.1.1.1. NORTHERN [13]: 2.1.1.1.1. SONINKE-BOZO [2]: Soninke, Bozo 2.1.1.1.2. SUSU-YALUNKA [2]: Susu, Yalunka 2.1.1.1.3. LIGBI-NUMU [2]: Ligbi, Numu 2.1.1.1.4. VAI-KONO [2]: Vai, Kono 2.1.1.1.5. MANDEKAN [5]: 2.1.1.1.5.1. WEST [2]: Mandinka, Xasonke 2.1.1.1.5.2. EAST [3]: Maninka, Bambara, Dyula 2.1.1.2. SOUTHWESTERN [5]: 2.1.1.2.0. [3]: Loko, Loma, Kpelle 2.1.1.2.1. MENDE-BANDI [2]: Mende, Bandi 2.1.2. SOUTHERN-EASTERN [10]: 2.1.2.1. SOUTHERN [6]: 2.1.2.1.0. [2]: Mano, Dan 2.1.2.1.1. KWENI-TURA [4]: Kweni, Mwa, Nwa, Tura 2.1.2.2. EASTERN [4]: 2.1.2.2.0. [2]: Bisa, Busa 2.1.2.2.1. SAMO [2]: Sane, San 2.2. NIGER-CONGO PROPER [1003+4]: 2.2.1. WEST ATLANTIC [46]: 2.2.1.0. [1]: Bijago 2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [29]: 2.2.1.1.1. SENEGAL [3]: Fula (= Fulani), Serer, Wolof 2.2.1.1.2. CANGIN [5]: Falor, Lehar, Ndut, Non, Safan 2.2.1.1.3. BAK [10]: 2.2.1.1.3.1. BALANT-GANJA [2]: Balant, Ganja 2.2.1.1.3.2. MANJAKU-PAPEL [3]: Mankan, Manjaku, Papel 2.2.1.1.3.3. DIOLA [5]: 2.2.1.1.3.3.0. [1]: Bayot 2.2.1.1.3.3.1. DIOLA PROPER [4]: 2.2.1.1.3.3.1.0. [2]: Karon, Kwatay 2.2.1.1.3.3.1.1. DIOLA-GUSILAY [2]: Diola, Gusilay 2.2.1.1.4. EASTERN SENEGAL-GUINEA BISSAU [8]: Badyara, Banyun, Basari, Bedik, Biafada, Kasanga, Kobiana, Konyagi 2.2.1.1.5. MBULUNGISH-NALU [3]: Baga Mboteni, Mbulungish, Nalu 2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [16]: 2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Sua, Limba 2.2.1.2.1. MEL [14]: 2.2.1.2.1.0. [1]: Gola 2.2.1.2.1.1. TEMNE [8]: Baga Binari, Baga Koga, Baga Maduri, Baga Sitemu, Baga Sobane, Banta, Landuma, Temne 2.2.1.2.1.2. BULLOM [5]: Bom, Northern Bullom, Southern Bullom, Kisi, Krim 2.2.2. CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [957+4]: 2.2.2.1. NORTH CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [206]: 2.2.2.1.1. KRU [18]: 2.2.2.1.1.0. [3]: Aizi, Kuwaa, Seme 2.2.2.1.1.1. EASTERN [3]: 2.2.2.1.1.1.1. NORTH [1]: Bete 2.2.2.1.1.1.2. SOUTH [2]: Godie, Dida 2.2.2.1.1.2. WESTERN [12]: 2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [4]: Bakwe, Kru, Grebo, Tajuason 2.2.2.1.1.2.1. KLAU [2]: Klau, Peripheral Klau 2.2.2.1.1.2.2. BASSA [2]: Bassa, Dewoin 2.2.2.1.1.2.3. WE [4]: 2.2.2.1.1.2.3.0. [1]: Krahn 2.2.2.1.1.2.3.1. GUERE [3]: Guere, Wobe, Nyabwa 2.2.2.1.2. DOGON [1]: Dogon 2.2.2.1.3. GUR (= VOLTAIC) [73]: 2.2.2.1.3.0. [1]: Bariba 2.2.2.1.3.1. KULANGO-LORHON [2]: Kulango, Lorhon 2.2.2.1.3.2. SENUFO-TUSYA [15]: 2.2.2.1.3.2.0. [1]: Tusya 2.2.2.1.3.2.1. SENUFO [14]: 2.2.2.1.3.2.1.0. [8]: Senari, Palaka, Nafana, Tyeliri, Tiefo, Kulele, Karaboro, Viemo 2.2.2.1.3.2.2.1. NATIORO-WARA [2]: Natioro, Wara 2.2.2.1.3.2.2.2. SUPPIRE-MIANKA [2]: Suppire, Mianka 2.2.2.1.3.2.2.3. TAGBANA-DYIMINI [2]: Tagbana, Dyimini 2.2.2.1.3.3. CENTRAL [55]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1. KURUMFE-OTI-VOLTA [31]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.0. [1]: Kurumfe 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1. BWAMU-OTI-VOLTA [30]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.0. [1]: Bwamu 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1. OTI-VOLTA [29]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.1. BULI-KOMA [2]: Buli, Koma 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2. OTI-VOLTA PROPER [27]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.1. EASTERN [5]: Bieri, Wama, Tayari, Tamari, Nyende 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2. WESTERN-GURMA [22]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.1. WESTERN [12]: Notre, Gurenne, More, Safalaba, Dagara, Kusaal, Kamara, Talne, Nabte, Mampelle, Dagbani, Hanga 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2. GURMA-YOM [10]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2.1. GURMA [8]: Kasele, Basari, Konkomba, Soruba, Dye, Gangam, Gurma, Moba 2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2.2. YOM-NAUDEM [2]: Yom, Naudem 2.2.2.1.3.3.2. DOGHOSE-GURUNSI [24]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.1. DOGHOSE-GAN [2]: Doghose, Gan 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2. GURUNSI-KIRMA [22]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1. GURUNSI [18]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.1. WESTERN [4]: Kasem, Nuni, Lyele, Pana 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN [14]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2.1. CENTRAL [8]: Siti, Winye, Pwo, Isala, Chakali, Tampulma, Vagala, Mo 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2.2. EASTERN [6]: Kabre, Lamba, Tem, Chala, Delo, Bago 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2. KIRMA-LOBI [4]: 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2.1. KIRMA-TYURAMA [2]: Kirma, Tyurama 2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2.2. LOBI-DAN [2]: Lobi, Dan 2.2.2.1.4. ADAMAWA-UBANGIAN [114]: 2.2.2.1.4.1. ADAMAWA [66]: 2.2.2.1.4.1.0. [5]: Kam, Longuda, Fali, Nimbari, Kim 2.2.2.1.4.1.1. WAJA [7]: 2.2.2.1.4.1.1.0. [5]: Awak, Dadia, Kamu, Tula, Waja 2.2.2.1.4.1.1.1. CHAM-MONA [2]: Cham, Mona 2.2.2.1.4.1.2. CHAMBA [3]: Chamba, Donga, Wom 2.2.2.1.4.1.3. DAKA [4]: Daka, Dirrim, Gandole, Taram 2.2.2.1.4.1.4. DURU [9]: Doyãyo, Dupa, Duru, Goom, Kolbila, Kutin, Sari, Sewe, Vere 2.2.2.1.4.1.5. MUMUYE-YENDANG [8]: 2.2.2.1.4.1.5.1. MUMUYE [5]: Mumuye, Gengle, Kumba, Teme, Waka 2.2.2.1.4.1.5.2. YENDANG [3]: Yendang, Kugama, Passam 2.2.2.1.4.1.6. MBUM-MUNDANG [12]: 2.2.2.1.4.1.6.0. [4]: Galke, Mangbai, Pam, Tupuri 2.2.2.1.4.1.6.1. MBUM [4]: Mbum, Dek, Kali, Lakka 2.2.2.1.4.1.6.2. MUNDANG [2]: Mundang, Gelama 2.2.2.1.4.1.6.3. DAMA-MONO [2]: Dama, Mono 2.2.2.1.4.1.7. YUNGUR [4]: 2.2.2.1.4.1.7.0. [2]: Libo, Mboi 2.2.2.1.4.1.7.1. YUNGUR-ROBA [2]: Yungur, Roba 2.2.2.1.4.1.8. BAMBUKA [4]: Bambuka, Jen, Kanawa, Munga 2.2.2.1.4.1.9. BUA [10]: Bua, Bolgo, Buso, Day, Fanya, Gula, Kulaal, Koke, Nielim, Tunya 2.2.2.1.4.2. UBANGIAN [48]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1. GBAYA-GBANZILI [28]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1. GBAYA [4]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1.0. [2]: Gbaya, Bangando 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1.1. MANZA-NGBAKA [2]: Manza, Ngbaka 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.2. NGBANDI [3]: Ngbandi, Sango, Yakoma 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3. GBANZILI-SERE [21]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1. SERE [9]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.1. NORTH [2]: Feroge, Indri 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2. SOUTH [7]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2.1. NDOGO-SERE [3]: Ndogo, Sere, Tagbu 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2.2. BAI-VIRI [2]: Bai, Viri 2.2.2.1.46PE3.3.1.2.3. MANGAYA-TOGOYO [2]: Mangaya, Togoyo 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2. GBANZILI [12]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1. EAST [3]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1.0. [1]: Mundu 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1.1. MAYOGO-BANGBA [2]: Mayogo, Bangba 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2. WEST [9]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2.0. [3]: Gbanzili, Bwaka, Monzombo 2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2.1. BAKA-GUNDI [6]: Baka, Bomasa, Bayanga, Ngombe, Gundi, Ganzi 2.2.2.1.4.2.2. BANDA [12]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.1. LANGBASI-NGUBU [2]: Langbasi, Ngubu 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.2. MBANZA-MBANJA [2]: Mbanza, Mbanja 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.3. NGBUNDU [1]: Ngbundu 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4. NGUNDU-GOLO [7]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.1. NGUNDU-KPAGUA [2]: Ngundu, Kpagua 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.2. GUBU-YAKPA [2]: Gubu, Yakpa 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.3. LINDA [1]: Linda 2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.4. GBI-GOLO [2]: Gbi, Golo 2.2.2.1.4.2.3. ZANDE [4]: 2.2.2.1.4.2.3.1. ZANDE-NZAKARA [2]: Zande, Nzakara 2.2.2.1.4.2.3.2. BARAMBO-PAMBIA [2]: Barambo, Pambia 2.2.2.1.4.2.4. AMADI [2]: Amadi, Dongo 2.2.2.1.4.2.5. MONDUNGA [2]: Mondunga, Mba 2.2.2.2. SOUTH CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [751+4]: 2.2.2.2.1. IJO-DEFAKA [5]: 2.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Defaka 2.2.2.2.1.1. IJO [4]: Kalabari, Nembe, Biseni, Kolokuma 2.2.2.2.2. WESTERN [47]: 2.2.2.2.2.1. NYO [36]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1. YI [34]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. VOLTA-COMOE [19]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.1. WESTERN [2]: Abure, Eotile 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2. CENTRAL [7]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.0. [2]: Akan, Abron 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.1. BAULE-AGNI [3]: Baule, Anyi, Chakosi 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.2. NZEMA-AHANTA [2]: Nzema, Ahanta 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3. EASTERN [10]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3.0. [7]: Awutu, Chiripong, Gonja, Nkonya, Nawuri, Nchumunu, Nchumburu 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3.1. NORTH [3]: Achode, Anyanga, Krachi 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. CENTRAL TOGO [15]: 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. NA [8]: Adele, Akpafu, Siwu, Basila, Buem, Likpe, Logba, Sele 2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.2. KA [7]: Ahlo, Animere, Avatime, Nyangbo, Bowili, Kebu, Kposo 2.2.2.2.2.1.2. GÃ-ADANGME [2]: Gã, Adangme 2.2.2.2.2.2. TOGO [11]: 2.2.2.2.2.2.1. EWE-FON [2]: Ewe, Fon 2.2.2.2.2.2.2. LAGOON [9]: 2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. POTU [2]: Mbato, Ebrie 2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. INTERIOR [5]: Attie, Abe, Abiji, Krobu, Adyukru 2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. COASTAL [2]: Aladian, Avikam 2.2.2.2.3. EASTERN [699+4]: 2.2.2.2.3.1. CENTRAL NIGER [11]: 2.2.2.2.3.1.1. NIGER-KADUNA [4]: 2.2.2.2.3.1.1.0. [1]: Ebira 2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1. NUPE [3]: 2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1.0. [1]: Gade 2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1.1. NUPE-GWARI [2]: Nupe, Gwari 2.2.2.2.3.1.2. IDOMA [7]: Alago, Idoma, Yala, Akpa, Igede, Etulo, Eloyi 2.2.2.2.3.2. YORUBA-NORTHERN AKOKO [3]: 2.2.2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Northern Akoko 2.2.2.2.3.2.1. YORUBA [2]: Yoruba, Igala 2.2.2.2.3.3. EDO [22]: 2.2.2.2.3.3.1. DELTA [3]: Epie, Engenni, Degema 2.2.2.2.3.3.2. SOUTHWESTERN [5]: Okpe<1>, Urhobo, Uvbie, Isoko, Eruwa 2.2.2.2.3.3.3. NORTH-CENTRAL [10]: Bini, Esan, Emai, Iyekhee, Ghotuo, Uneme, North Ibie, Ikpeshi, Sasaru, Ososo 2.2.2.2.3.3.4. NORTHWESTERN [4]: Okpamheri, Uhami, Ukue, Okpe<2> 2.2.2.2.3.4. LOWER NIGER [7]: 2.2.2.2.3.4.0. [1]: Ekpeye 2.2.2.2.3.4.1. IGBO [6]: Izi, Igbo, Ika, Ukwuani, Ogbah, Ikwere 2.2.2.2.3.5. JUKUNOID [10]: 2.2.2.2.3.5.1. YUKUBEN-KUTEB [2]: Yukuben, Kuteb 2.2.2.2.3.5.2. CENTRAL [8]: 2.2.2.2.3.5.2.1. KPAN-ICEN [2]: Kpan, Icen 2.2.2.2.3.5.2.2. JUKUN [3]: Ashuku, Nama, Jukun 2.2.2.2.3.5.2.3. WURBO [3]: Bandawa, Chomo, Jiru 2.2.2.2.3.6. DELTA CROSS [11]: 2.2.2.2.3.6.1. CENTRAL DELTA [8]: Ogbogolo, Ogbia, Kugbo, Mini, Abua, Odual, Ogbronuagum, Obulom 2.2.2.2.3.6.2. OGONI [3]: Kana, Gokana, Eleme 2.2.2.2.3.7. LOWER CROSS [8]: 2.2.2.2.3.7.0. [1]: Obolo 2.2.2.2.3.7.1. EFIK [3]: Efik, Ibibio, Anaang 2.2.2.2.3.7.2. ORON [4]: Okobo, Oron, Ekit, Ibino 2.2.2.2.3.8. UPPER CROSS [22]: 2.2.2.2.3.8.0. [1]: Tita 2.2.2.2.3.8.1. EASTERN [9]: Mbembe, Legbo, Leyigha, Lenyima, Loko, Agoi, Lokukoli, Lubilo, Olulumo 2.2.2.2.3.8.2. WESTERN [8]: Koring, Kukele, Uzekwe, Kohumono, Ubaghara, Agwaagwune, Umon, Ukpet 2.2.2.2.3.8.3. CALABAR RIVER [4]: Kiong, Korop, Lyoniyorg, Doko 2.2.2.2.3.9. BENUE-ZAMBESI [605+4]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.1. CARA [42+4]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1. EASTERN [24+2]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.0. [1]: Amo 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.1. CHAWAI [2]: Piti, Chawai 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.2. KURAMA [13]: Kuzamani, Kurama, Rumaya, Ruruma, Binawa, Kono, Surubu, Kaivi, Kiballo, Kitimi, Kinuku, Dungi, Gure 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.3. JERA [8+2]: +Kuda, Butu, Gyem, +Taura, Lemoro, Janji, Sani, Buji, Anaguta, Chokobo 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2. WESTERN [18+2]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.0. [1]: Reshe 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.1. LARU-LOPA [2]: Laru, Lopa 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2. KAMBARI-DUKA [15+2]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.1. KAMBARI [2]: Western Kambari, Eastern Kambari 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.2. KAMUKU [2+2]: Ngwoi, Kamuku, +Bassa-Kontagora, +Ashaganna 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.3. BASSA [7]: Bassa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kuta, Gurmana, Pongu, Bauchi, Ura, Bassa-Kwomu 2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.4. DUKA [4]: Lela, Duka, Puku, Lyase 2.2.2.2.3.9.2. NYIMA [563]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1. PLATEAU [44]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.0. [4]: Ayu, Yashi, Mabo-Barkul, Irigwe 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1. BIROM-MIGILI [4]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1.0. [2]: Migili, Aten 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1.1. BIROM [2]: Birom, Fachara 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2. KAJE-KADARA [16]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.0. [1]: Katab 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.1. YESKWA [3]: Yeskwa, Lungu, Koro 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.2. KAJE [6]: Kamanton, Kagoma, Jaba, Nandu, Izarek, Kaje 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.3. KADARA [6]: Kadara, Kuturmi, Ikulu, Idong, Doka, Iku 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3. NINZAM-RUKUBA [9]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.0. [1]: Rukuba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.1. KWANKA [2]: Kwanka, Shall 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.2. NINZAM [6]: Ninzam, Mada, Gwantu, Nindem, Kaningkon, Kanufi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.4. EGGON [4]: Eggon, Nungu, Ake, Jidda 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.5. FYAM [2]: Fyam, Horom 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.6. TAROK [3]: Tarok, Bashar, Pai 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.7. TURKWAM [2]: Turkwam, Arum 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2. WEL [519]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1. BENDI-BOKYI [9]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1.0. [1]: Bokyi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1.1. BENDI [8]: Bekwarra, Bendi, Obanliku, Ukpe, Ubang, Alege, Utugwang, Bumaji 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2. BANTOID [510]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1. NON-BANTU [16]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1.1. MAMBILA-VUTE [8]: Mambila, Kamkam, Tep, Magu, Kila, Ndoro, Gandua, Vute 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1.2. TIV-BATU [8]: Tiv, Otank, Emane, Icheve, Evant, Bitare, Abon, Batu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2. BROAD BANTU [494]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1. BANE [114]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1. JARAWAN-EKOID [20]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. JARAWAN [10]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.0. [2]: Mboa, Nagumi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.1. NIGERIAN [8]: Bile, Mbula, Mama, Lame, Jaku, Gubi, Kulung, Jarawa 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. EDOID-MBE [10]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Mbe 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. EKOID [9]: Ndoe, Ejagham, Efutop, Nde, Abanyom, Nkem, Nkumm, Nnam, Ekajuk 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.2. MAMFE [9]: Esimbi, Amasi, Kenyang, Kitwii, Kinkwa, Menka, Ngwo, Bitieku, Assaka 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3. GRASSFIELDS [68]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1. EASTERN [48]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.1. NKAMBE [8]: Adere, Limbum, Kofa, Kwaja, Ncha, Ndaktup, Ntem, Yamba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2. NUN-BAMILEKE [40]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.1. NUN [6]: Bamun, Mungaka, Bambalang, Baba, Bapi, Bandeng 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.2. NGEMBA [8]: Mankon, Mundum, Bafut, Nkwen, Bambui, Pinyin, Awing, Kpati 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.3. BAMILEKE [26]: Babaju, Fe'fe, Dschang, Bafussam, Bagam, Balum, Bamaha, Bamendiinda, Bamenkombit, Bamenyam, Banjun, Bangangte, Bangwa, Bapi, Bacham, Bachingu, Bati, Batie, Bamugun, Fomopea, Fongondeng, Foto, Fotuni, Ngwe, Babuantu, Upper Mundani 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2. WESTERN [20]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1. RING [15]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1. NKOM [8]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.1. WEST [4]: Aghem, Isu, Weh, Bafumen 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Babanki, Kom, Bum, Oku 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2. EAST [7]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2.0. [1]: Lamnso 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2.1. NDOP [6]: Bamessing, Bamessi, Babungo, Bamunka, Bamali, Fanji 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2. MOMO-NJEN [5]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2.1. MOMO [3]: Tadkon, Ngie, Oshie 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2.2. NJEN [2]: Njem, Lower Mundani 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.4. MENCHUM [6]: Modele, Mukuru, Befang, Bangui, Obang, Okomanjan 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5. BEBOID [9]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5.1. WESTERN [4]: Mekaf, Bu, Kinabe, Koshin 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5.2. EASTERN [5]: Bebe, Dumbo, Nchanti, Noni, Akweto 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.6. TIKAR [2]: Tikar, Bandobo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2. NARROW BANTU [380]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1. NORTHWEST BANTU [131]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. ZONE A [43]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. LUNDU-BALONG [5]: Lundu, Lue, Balong, Bonkeng, Bafo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. DUALA [7]: Mboko, Kwiri, Su, Duala, Wori, Pongo, Limba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.3. BUBI-BENGA [4]: Bubi, Noho, Yasa, Benga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.4. BASAA [6]: Lombi, Bankon, Basaa, Tunen, Nyo'o, Mande 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.5. BAFIA [4]: Fa', Mbong, Kpa, Djanti 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.6. SANAGA [2]: Ki, Yambasa 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.7. EWONDO [5]: Eton, Ewondo, Bebele, Bulu, Fang 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.8. MAKAA-NJEM [7]: Ngumba, So, Makaa, Njem, Konabem, Mpiemo, Bomwali 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.9. KAKO [3]: Kwakum, Pol, Yaka 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. ZONE B [41]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MYENE [1]: Myene 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2. KELE [7]: Sekyani, Kele, Mbangwe, Wumvu, Kota, Ndasa, Sighu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.3. TSOGO [3]: Tsogo, Kande, Pinji 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.4. SIRA [6]: Sira, Sangu, Punu, Lumbu, Mbwisi, Barama 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.5. NJEBI [3]: Duma, Njebi, Tsaangi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.6. MBEDE [6]: Mbede, Mbama, Ndumu, Ngwii, Ngul, Kaningi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.7. TEKE [9]: Ngu Ngwoni, North Teke, Northeast Teke, West Teke, Central Teke, Bali, East Teke, South Teke, Wuumu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.8. YANZI [6]: Tiene, Mfinu, Mpuono, Yanzi, Di, Mbuun 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3. ZONE C [47]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.1. NGANDO [2]: Ngando, Kota 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.2. NGUNDI [6]: Ngundi, Pande, Mbati, Mbomotaba, Bongili, Lobala 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.3. MBOSHI [7]: Mboko, Akwa, Ngare, Koyo, Mboshi, Kwala, Kuba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.4. BANGI-NTOMBA [7]: Ngiri, Bobangi, Sengele, Sakata, Ntomba, Losengo, Buja 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.5. NGOMBE [5]: Ngombe, Bwela, Bati, Bua, Beo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.6. KELE [6]: Mbesa, So, Gesogo, Lombo, Lokele, Foma 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.7. MONGO [6]: Mongo, Lalia, Ngando, Konda, Mbole, Ombo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.8. TETELA [5]: Tetela, Kusu, Nkutu, Yela, Kela 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.9. BUSHONG [3]: Ndengese, Songomeno, Bushong 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2. CENTRAL BANTU [249]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. ZONE D [17]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. ENYA [3]: Lengola, Mituku, Enya 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. LEGA-KALANGA [5]: Bali, North Binja, Lega, South Binja, Holoholo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.3. BIRA-HUKU [6]: Piri, Bira, Nyali, Bodo, Komo, Kare 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.4. NYANGA [1]: Nyanga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.5. BEMBE [2]: Bembe, Buyu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. ZONE E [22]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. LOGOLI-KURIA [7]: Logoli, Gusii, Kuria, Zanaki, Nata, Sonjo, Ngurimi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. KIKUYU-KAMBA [6]: Kikuyu, Embu, Meru, Tharaka, Kamba, Daiso 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. CHAGA [5]: Rwo, Chaga, Rusa, Kehe, Gweno 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.4. NYIKA [4]: Pokomo, Nyika, Digo, Taita 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. ZONE F [13]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.1. TONGWE [3]: Tongwe, Bende, Fipa 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2. SUKUMA-NYAMWEZI [5]: Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Sumbwa, Kimbu, Bungu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3. NYILAMBA-LANGI [5]: Nyilamba, Rimi, Langi, Mbugwe, Mbugu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4. ZONE G [28]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.1. GOGO [2]: Gogo, Kaguru 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.2. SHAMBALA [4]: Tubeta, Casu, Shambala, Bondei 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.3. ZIGULA-ZARAMO [9]: Zigula, Ngwele, Zaramo, Ngulu, Ruguru, Kami, Kutu, Vidunda, Sagala 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.4. SWAHILI [4]: Tikuu, Swahili, gPemba, Komoro 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.5. POGORO [2]: Pogoro, Ndamba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.6. BENA-KINGA [7]: Sango, Hehe, Bena, Pangwa, Kinga, Wanji, Kisi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5. ZONE H [17]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.1. KONGO [7]: Bembe, Yombe, Kunyi, Ndingi, Mboka, Kongo, Dondo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.2. MBUNDU [4]: North Mbundu, Sama, Bolo, Songo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.3. YAKA [5]: Yaka, Suku, Hungu, Mbangala, Sinji 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.4. HUNGANA [1]: Hungana 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6. ZONE J [30]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.1. NYORO-LUGANDA [5]: Nyoro, Luganda, Soga, Gwere, Nyala 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.2. HAYA-KWAYA [5]: Karagwe, Haya, Dzindza, Kerebe, Kwaya 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.3. MASABA-LUYIA [6]: Masaba, Luyia, Nyole, Suamia, Nyuli, Syan 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.4. KONZO [2]: Konzo, Nande 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.5. SHI-HAVU [7]: Hunde, Havu, Shi, Fuliru, Vira, Kabwari, Tembo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.6. RWANDA-RUNDI [5]: Rwanda, Rundi, Shubi, Hangaza, Vinza 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7. ZONE K [26]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.1. HOLU [2]: Yeci, Holu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.2. CHOKWE-LUCHAZI [9]: Chokwe, Luimbi, Luchazi, Lwena, Mbuunda, Nyengo, Mbwela, Nkangala, Ngangela 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.3. SALAMPASU-NDEMBO [3]: Salampasu, Ndembo, Ruund 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.4. KWANGWA [8]: Luyi, Mbowe, Kwangali, Masi, Simaa, Sanjo, Kwangwa, Gova 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.5. SUBIA [2]: Totela, Subia 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.6. MBALA [1]: Mbala 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.7. DIRIKU [1]: Diriku 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8. ZONE L [15]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.1. BWILE [1]: Bwile 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.2. SONGYE [6]: Kete, Mbagani, Songye, Luna, Budya, Bangubangu 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.3. LUBA [5]: Luba-Kasai, Kanyok, Luba-Shaba, Hemba, Sanga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.4. KAONDE [1]: Kaonde 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.5. NKOYA [2]: Mbwera, Nkoya 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9. ZONE M [24]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.1. RUNGU [4]: Pimbwe, Rungwa, Rungu, Mambwe 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.2. NYIKA-SAFWA [7]: Ndali, Mwanga, Nyiha, Malila, Safwa, Iwa, Tembo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.3. NYAKYUSA [1]: Nyakyusa 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.4. BEMBA [3]: Taabwa, Bemba, Aushi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.5. BISA-LAMBA [5]: Bisa, Lala, Swaka, Lamba, Seba 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.6. LENJE-TONGA [4]: Lenje, Soli, Ila, Tonga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10. ZONE N [12]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.1. MANDA [4]: Manda, Matengo, Mpoto, Tonga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.2. TUMBUKA [1]: Tumbuka 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.3. NYANJA [1]: Nyanja 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.4. SENGA-SENA [6]: Senga, Kunda, Nyungwe, Sena, Rue, Podzo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11. ZONE P [14]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.1. MATUMBI [5]: Ndengereko, Ruihi, Matumbi, Ngindo, Mbunga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.2. YAO [5]: Yao, Mwera, Makonde, Ndonde, Mabiha 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.3. MAKUA [4]: Makua, Lomwe, Ngulu, Chuabo 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12. ZONE R [9]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.1. SOUTH MBUNDU [4]: South Mbundu, Ndombe, Nyaneka, Nkumbi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.2. NDONGA [4]: Kwanyama, Ndonga, Kwambi, Ngandyera 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.3. HERERO [1]: Herero 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13. ZONE S [22]: 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.1. SHONA [6]: Shona, Zezuru, Manyika, Karanga, Ndau, Kalanga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.2. VENDA [1]: Venda 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.3. SOTHO-TSWANA [4]: Tswana, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Lozi 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.4. NGUNI [5]: Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Ndebele, Ngoni 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.5. TSWA-RONGA [4]: Tswa, Tonga, Tsonga, Ronga 2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.6. CHOPI [2]: Chopi, Tonga-Inhambane ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: NIGER-KORDOFANIAN Up: INDEX Next: AFRO-ASIATIC NILO-SAHARAN [138] 1. SONGHAI [1]: Songhai 2. SAHARAN [5]: 2.1. WESTERN [3]: 2.1.1. KANURI [2]: Kanuri, Kanembu 2.1.2. TUBU [1]: Tubu 2.2. EASTERN [2]: Zagawa, Berti 3. MAGAN [6]: 3.0. [2]: Mimi<1>, Mimi<2> 3.1. MABANG [4]: 3.1.0. [2]: Mabang, Mesalit 3.1.1. RUNGA-KIBET [2]: Runga, Kibet 4. FUR [2]: Fur, Biltine 5. EAST SUDANIC [80]: 5.1. EASTERN [18]: 5.1.1. NUBIAN [5]: 5.1.1.1. WESTERN [1]: Meidob 5.1.1.2. CENTRAL [3]: Birgid, Debri, Dongolawi 5.1.1.3. NORTHERN [1]: Mahas 5.1.2. SURMA [8]: 5.1.2.0. [3]: Murle, Bale, Zilmamu 5.1.2.1. MAJANG-SHABO [2]: Majang, Shabo 5.1.2.2. KWEGU [3]: Kwegu, Suri, Me'en 5.1.3. NERA [1]: Nera 5.1.4. EASTERN JEBEL [4]: 5.1.4.0. [1]: Gaam 5.1.4.1. AKA-KELO-MOLO [3]: Aka, Kelo, Molo 5.2. WESTERN [15]: 5.2.1. NYIMANG [2]: Nyimang, Dinik 5.2.1. TEMEIN [3]: Ronge, Doni, Dese 5.2.3. TAMA [3]: 5.2.3.0. [1]: Merarit 5.2.3.1. TAMA-SUNGOR [2]: Tama, Sungor 5.2.4. DAJU [7]: 5.2.4.1. EASTERN [2]: Shatt, Liguri 5.2.4.2. WESTERN [5]: Mongo, Sila, Nyala, Lagawa, Nyalgulgule 5.3. NILOTIC [44]: 5.3.1. WESTERN [21]: 5.3.1.1. LUO [14]: 5.3.1.1.1. NORTHERN [7]: 5.3.1.1.1.0. [5]: Shilluk, Anuak, Jur, Thuri, Bor<1> 5.3.1.1.1.1. MABAN-BURUN [2]: Maban, Burun 5.3.1.1.2. SOUTHERN [7]: 5.3.1.1.2.0. [3]: Labwor, Lwo, Adhola 5.3.1.1.2.1. LUO-ACHOLI [4]: 5.3.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Luo 5.3.1.1.2.1.1. ALUR-ACHOLI [3]: 5.3.1.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Alur 5.3.1.1.2.1.1.1. LANGO-ACHOLI [2]: Lango, Acholi 5.3.1.2. DINKA-NUER [7]: 5.3.1.2.1. NUER [2]: Nuer, Atuot 5.3.1.2.2. DINKA [5]: Agar, Bor<2>, Padang, Rek, Kumam 5.3.2. EASTERN [9]: 5.3.2.1. BARI [2]: Bari, Kakwa 5.3.2.2. LOTUXO-TESO [7]: 5.3.2.2.1. LOTUXO-MAA [3]: 5.3.2.2.1.1. LOTUXO [1]: Lotuxo 5.3.2.2.1.2. ONGAMO-MAA [2]: Ongamo, Maasai 5.3.2.2.2. TESO-TURKANA [4]: Karamojong, Topotha, Turkana, Teso 5.3.3. SOUTHERN [14]: 5.3.3.1. KALENJIN [12]: 5.3.3.1.1. NANDI-MARKWETA [5]: Nandi, Kipsikiis, Keiyo, Tuken, Markweta 5.3.3.1.2. ELGON [5]: 5.3.3.1.2.0. [2]: Sapiny, Kony 5.3.3.1.2.1. POK-TERIK [3]: Pok, Ng'oma, Terik 5.3.3.1.3. OKIEK [1]: Okiek 5.3.3.1.4. PAKOT [1]: Pakot 5.3.3.2. TATO [2]: Omotik, Datooga 5.4. KULIAK [3]: 5.4.0. [1]: Ik 5.4.1. NGANGEA-SO [2]: Ngangea, So 6. CENTRAL SUDANIC [36]: 6.1. WEST CENTRAL [24]: 6.1.1. KRESH [2]: Kresh, Aja 6.1.2. BONGO-BAGIRMI [22]: 6.1.2.1. BONGO [4]: Baka, Beli, Bongo, Morokodo 6.1.2.2. SINYAR [1]: Sinyar 6.1.2.3. SARA-BAGIRMI [14]: 6.1.2.3.1. SARA [6]: 6.1.2.3.1.0. [1]: Vale 6.1.2.3.1.1. SARA PROPER [5]: Gambai, Kaba, Kaba Dunjo, Mbai, Sara 6.1.2.3.2. BAGIRMI [8]: Babalia, Bagirmi, Fongoro, Disa, Gele, Gula, Kenga, Kuka 6.1.2.4. KARA [3]: Furu, Kara, Yulu 6.2. EAST CENTRAL [12]: 6.2.1. MORU-MADI [6]: 6.2.1.1. NORTHERN [1]: Moru 6.2.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Avukaya, Kaliko, Logo, Logbara 6.2.1.3. SOUTHERN [1]: Madi 6.2.2. MANGBETU-ASUA [2]: Magbetu, Asua 6.2.3. MANGBUTU-EFE [3]: Mamvu, Mangbutu, Ndo 6.2.4. BALENDRU [1]: Balendru 7. BERTA [1]: Berta 8. KUNAMA [1]: Kunama 9. KOMUZ [6]: 9.1. GUMUZ [1]: Bega 9.2. KOMAN [5]: 9.2.1. ANEJ [1]: Anej 9.2.2. KWAMA-OPO [4]: 9.2.2.1. KWAMA [1]: Kwama 9.2.2.2. KOMO-OPO [3]: 9.2.2.2.1. OPO [1]: Opo 9.2.2.2.2. KOMO-TWAMPA [2]: Komo, Twampa ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: NILO-SAHARAN Up: INDEX Next: CAUCASIAN AFRO-ASIATIC [241+17] 1. +ANCIENT EGYPTIAN [0+2]: +Ancient Egyptian, +Coptic 2. BERBER [30+2]: 2.1. +GUANCHE [0+1]: +Guanche 2.2. +EAST NUMIDIAN [0+1]: +East Numidian (= Old Libyan) 2.3. BERBER PROPER [30]: 2.3.1. EASTERN [4]: 2.3.1.0. [1]: Siwa 2.3.1.1. AWJILA-SOKNA [3]: Awjila, Sokna, Ghadames 2.3.2. TUAREG [3]: 2.3.2.1. NORTHERN [1]: Tamahaq 2.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Tamazheq, Tamasheq 2.3.3. WESTERN [1]: Zenaga 2.3.4. NORTHERN [22]: 2.3.4.1. ATLAS [2]: Shilha, Tamazight 2.3.4.2. KABYLE [1]: Kabyle 2.3.4.3. ZENATI [19]: 2.3.4.3.0. [7]: Shawiya, Tidikelt, Tuat, Riff, Ghmara, Tlemcen, Sheliff Basin 2.3.4.3.1. MZAB-WARGLA [5]: Gurara, Mzab, Wargla, Ghardaia, Tugurt 2.3.4.3.2. EAST ZENATI [7]: Tmagurt, Sened, Jerba, Tamezret, Taujjut, Zwara, Nefusi 3. CHADIC [123]: 3.1. MASA [5]: Masa, Zime, Mesme, Marba, Musey 3.2. EAST [28]: 3.2.1. GROUP A [13]: 3.2.1.1. SOMRAI [7]: 3.2.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [3]: Somrai, Tumak, Ndam 3.2.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [4]: Sarwa, Gadang, Mod, Miltu 3.2.1.2. NANCERE [4]: 3.2.1.2.1. GROUP 1 [2]: Nancere, Lele 3.2.1.2.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Gabri, Kabalai 3.2.1.3. KERA [2]: Kera, Kwang 3.2.2. GROUP B [15]: 3.2.2.0. [1]: Mokulu 3.2.2.1. DANGLA [11]: 3.2.2.1.1. GROUP 1 [6]: Dangla, Migama, Mahwa, Jegu, Mogum, Bidiyo 3.2.2.1.2. GROUP 2 [5]: Mubi, Masmaje, Kajakse, Kujarge, Toram 3.2.2.2. SOKORO [3]: Sokoro, Barain, Saba 3.3. BIU-MANDARA [37]: 3.3.1. GROUP A [32]: 3.3.1.1. TERA [4]: 3.3.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [2]: Tera, Jara 3.3.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Ga'anda, Hona 3.3.1.2. BURA-MANDARA [21]: 3.3.1.2.1. BURA-HIGI [7]: 3.3.1.2.1.1. BURA [5]: 3.3.1.2.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [3]: Bura, Chibak, Putai 3.3.1.2.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Margi, Kilba 3.3.1.2.1.2. HIGI [2]: Higi, Bana 3.3.1.2.2. MANDARA-MATAKAM [14]: 3.3.1.2.2.0. [1]: Sukur 3.3.1.2.2.1. MANDARA [7]: 3.3.1.2.2.1.0. [1]: Lamang 3.3.1.2.2.1.1. MANDARA PROPER [6]: 3.3.1.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Mandara, Paduko 3.3.1.2.2.1.1.1. GLAVDA [4]: Glavda, Guduf, Dghwede, Gvoko 3.3.1.2.2.2. MATAKAM [6]: Mafa, Mofu, Gisiga, Mada, Hurza, Muktele 3.3.1.3. DABA [3]: Daba, Gawar, Hina 3.3.1.4. BATA [4]: 3.3.1.4.0. [1]: Gudu 3.3.1.4.1. BATA PROPER [3]: Bata, Gude, Nzangi 3.3.2. GROUP B [5]: 3.3.2.0. [2]: Musgu, Gidar 3.3.2.1. KOTOKO [3]: 3.3.2.1.0. [1]: Buduma 3.3.2.1.1. KOTOKO PROPER [2]: Kotoko, Logone 3.4. WEST [53]: 3.4.1. GROUP A [32]: 3.4.1.1. HAUSA [2]: Hausa, Gwandara 3.4.1.2. BOLE-ANGAS [24]: 3.4.1.2.1. BOLE-TANGALE [14]: 3.4.1.2.1.1. BOLE [10]: 3.4.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Karekare 3.4.1.2.1.1.1. BOLE PROPER [9]: Bole, Bele, Ngamo, Maha, Kirfi, Deno, Kubi, Galambu, Gera 3.4.1.2.1.2. TANGALE [4]: 3.4.1.2.1.2.0. [1]: Kanakuru 3.4.1.2.1.2.1. TANGALE PROPER [3]: Tangale, Pero, Kupto 3.4.1.2.2. ANGAS [10]: 3.4.1.2.2.0. [1]: Gerka 3.4.1.2.2.1. ANGAS PROPER [9]: 3.4.1.2.2.1.1. GROUP 1 [4]: Angas, Sura, Kofyar, Chip 3.4.1.2.2.1.2. GROUP 2 [5]: Goemai, Montol, Tal, Pyapun, Koenoem 3.4.1.3. RON [6]: 3.4.1.3.0. [1]: Fyer 3.4.1.3.1. RON PROPER [5]: Ron, Sha, Kulere, Karfa, Shagawu 3.4.2. GROUP B [21]: 3.4.2.1. BADE-WARJI [12]: 3.4.2.1.1. BADE [3]: 3.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Duwai 3.4.2.1.1.1. BADE PROPER [2]: Bade, Ngizim 3.4.2.1.2. WARJI [9]: Warji, Pa'a, Siri, Diri, Jimbin, Miya, Mburku, Kariya, Tsagu 3.4.2.2. ZAAR [9]: 3.4.2.2.1. ZAAR PROPER [5]: Zaar, Barawa, Zeem, Polchi, Geji 3.4.2.2.2. GURUNTUM [2]: Guruntum, Ju 3.4.2.2.3. BOGHOM [2]: Boghom, Mangas 4. OMOTIC [34]: 4.1. SOUTH [3]: Hamar, Ari, Dime 4.2. NORTH [31]: 4.2.1. DIZOID [4]: Dizi, Dorsha, Shako, Nao 4.2.2. MAO [4]: Bambeshi, Hozo, Sezo, Ganza 4.2.3. GONGA-GIMOJAN [23]: 4.2.3.1. GONGA [8]: 4.2.3.1.1. SOUTH [3]: Kafa, Mocha, Bosha 4.2.3.1.2. CENTRAL [1]: Anfillo 4.2.3.1.3. NORTH [4]: Naga, Guba, Boro, Amuru 4.2.3.2. GIMOJAN [15]: 4.2.3.2.1. JANJERO [2]: Janjero, Fuga 4.2.3.2.2. OMETO-GIMIRA [13]: 4.2.3.2.2.1. GIMIRA [2]: Bencho, She 4.2.3.2.2.2. CHARA [1]: Chara 4.2.3.2.2.3. OMETO [10]: 4.2.3.2.2.3.1. WEST [1]: Basketo 4.2.3.2.2.3.2. SOUTH [1]: Male 4.2.3.2.2.3.3. CENTRAL [2]: Oyda, Ometo 4.2.3.2.2.3.4. EAST [6]: Zayse, Zergulla, Ganjule, Gidiccho, Gatsame, Koyra 5. CUSHITIC [35+1]: 5.1. BEJA [1]: Beja 5.2. CUSHITIC PROPER [34+1]: 5.2.1. CENTRAL CUSHITIC [5]: 5.2.1.1. SOUTH [1]: Awngi 5.2.1.2. NORTH [4]: 5.2.1.2.0. [2]: Xamir, Kemant (= Falasha) 5.2.1.2.1. BILIN-XAMTA [2]: Bilin, Xamta 5.2.2. EASTERN CUSHITIC [22+1]: 5.2.2.1. HIGHLAND [5]: 5.2.2.1.0. [1]: Burji 5.2.2.1.1. SIDAMO [4]: 5.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Sidamo, Gedeo 5.2.2.1.1.1. KAMBATA-HADIYYA [2]: Kambata, Hadiyya 5.2.2.2. YAAKUAN-DULLAY [5]: 5.2.2.2.1. YAAKUAN [1]: Yaaku 5.2.2.2.2. DULLAY [4]: Harso, Gawwada, Tsamay, Birale 5.2.2.3. LOWLAND [12+1]: 5.2.2.3.1. AFAR-SAHO [2]: Afar, Saho 5.2.2.3.2. OMO-TANA [6+1]: 5.2.2.3.2.1. GALABOID [2+1]: Dasenech, +Elmolo, Arbore 5.2.2.3.2.2. BAYSO [1]: Bayso 5.2.2.3.2.3. SAM [3]: 5.2.2.3.2.3.0. [1]: Rendille 5.2.2.3.2.3.1. SOMALI-AWEER [2]: Somali, Aweer 5.2.2.3.3. OROMOID [4]: 5.2.2.3.3.0. [1]: Oromo 5.2.2.3.3.1. KONSOID [3]: Bussa, Gidole, Konso 5.2.3. SOUTHERN CUSHITIC [7]: 5.2.3.1. DAHALO [1]: Dahalo 5.2.3.2. MA'A [1]: Ma'a 5.2.3.3. RIFT [5]: 5.2.3.3.1. EAST [2]: Asa, Kw'adza 5.2.3.3.2. WEST [3]: Iraqw, Alagwa, Burunge 6. SEMITIC [19+12]: 6.0. [0+1]: +Eblaic 6.1. +EAST [0+1]: +Akkadian 6.2. WEST [19+10]: 6.2.1. CENTRAL [6+7]: 6.2.1.1. ARAMAIC [2+2]: +Old Aramaic, +Syriac, Assyrian, Aramaic 6.2.1.2. ARABO-CANAANITE [4+5]: 6.2.1.2.1. CANAANITE [1+4]: +Classical Hebrew, Hebrew, +Phoenician, +Ugaritic, +Moabite 6.2.1.2.2. ARABIC [3+1]: +Classical Arabic, Eastern Arabic, Western Arabic, Maltese 6.2.2. SOUTH [13+3]: 6.2.2.0. [1+1]: +Epigraphic South Arabian, South Arabian 6.2.2.1. ETHIOPIC [12+2]: 6.2.2.1.1. NORTH [2+1]: 6.2.2.1.1.0. [0+1]: +Geez 6.2.2.1.1.1. NORTH PROPER [2]: Tigre, Tigrinya 6.2.2.1.2. SOUTH [10+1]: 6.2.2.1.2.1. TRANSVERSAL [4]: 6.2.2.1.2.1.1. AMHARIC-ARGOBBA [2]: Amharic, Argobba 6.2.2.1.2.1.2. EAST GURAGE-HARARI [2]: Harari, East Gurage 6.2.2.1.2.2. OUTER [6+1]: 6.2.2.1.2.2.1. N-GROUP [2+1]: 6.2.2.1.2.2.1.0. [0+1]: +Gafat 6.2.2.1.2.2.1.1. N-NORTH GURAGE [2]: Soddo, Goggot 6.2.2.1.2.2.2. TT-GROUP [4]: 6.2.2.1.2.2.2.1. TT-NORTH GURAGE [1]: Muher 6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2. WEST GURAGE [3]: 6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Masqan 6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL [2]: Central West Gurage, Peripheral West Gurage ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: AFRO-ASIATIC Up: INDEX Next: INDO-HITTITE CAUCASIAN [38] 1. SOUTH [4]: 1.0. [2]: Georgian, Svan 1.1. ZAN [2]: Mingrelian, Laz 2. NORTH [34]: 2.1. NORTHWEST [5]: 2.1.0. [1]: Ubyx 2.1.1. ABXAZ-ABAZA [2]: Abxaz, Abaza 2.1.1. CIRCASSIAN [2]: Adygh, Kabardian 2.2. NORTHEAST [29]: 2.2.1. NAX [3]: 2.2.1.0. [1]: Bats 2.2.1.1. CHECHEN-INGUSH [2]: Chechen, Ingush 2.2.2. DAGESTAN [26]: 2.2.2.1. AVARO-ANDI-DIDO [14]: 2.2.2.1.1. AVAR [1]: Avar 2.2.2.1.2. ANDI [8]: Andi, Botlix, Godoberi, Camalal, Bagulal, Tindi, Karata, Axvax 2.2.2.1.3. DIDO [5]: 2.2.2.1.3.0. [1]: Xvarshi 2.2.2.1.3.1. DIDO-HINUX [2]: Dido, Hinux 2.2.2.1.3.2. BEZHTA-HUNZIB [2]: Bezhta, Hunzib 2.2.2.2. LAK-DARGWA [2]: Lak, Dargwa 2.2.2.3. LEZGIAN [10]: 2.2.2.3.0. [2]: Archi, Xinalug 2.2.2.3.1. LEZGIAN PROPER [8]: Lezgi, Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsaxur, Kryts, Budux, Udi ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: CAUCASIAN Up: INDEX Next: URALIC-YUKAGHIR INDO-HITTITE [144+36] 1. +ANATOLIAN [0+5]: 1.0. [0+3]: +Hittite, +Palaic, +Lydian 1.1. +LUWOID [0+2]: +Luwian, +Lycian 2. INDO-EUROPEAN [144+31]: 2.1. ARMENIAN [1+1]: +Classical Armenian, Armenian 2.2. +TOCHARIAN [0+2]: +Tocharian A, +Tocharian B 2.3. INDO-IRANIAN [93+10]: 2.3.1. INDIC [48+1]: 2.3.1.0. [0+1]: +Sanskrit 2.3.1.1. ROMANY [1]: Romany 2.3.1.2. SINHALESE-MALDIVIAN [3]: Maldivian, Sinhalese, Vedda 2.3.1.3. NORTHERN INDIA [44]: 2.3.1.3.1. DARDIC [16]: 2.3.1.3.1.1. CENTRAL [5]: Bashkarik, Maiya, Tirahi, Torwali, Wotapuri 2.3.1.3.1.2. CHITRAL [2]: Kalasha, Khowar 2.3.1.3.1.3. KUNAR [5]: Dameli, Gawar-bati, Shumashti, Nangalami, Pashai 2.3.1.3.1.4. SHINA [4]: Dumaki, Phalura, Shina, Kashmiri 2.3.1.3.2. WESTERN [4]: 2.3.1.3.2.1. SOUTH [2]: Marathi, Konkani 2.3.1.3.2.2. NORTHWEST [2]: Sindhi, Lahnda 2.3.1.3.3. CENTRAL [16]: Parya, Baluj, Panjabi, Marwari, Banjari, Malvi, Gade Lohar, Gujarati, Bhili, Khandeshi, Hindi, Urdu, Dogri, Western Pahari, Garhwali, Kumauni 2.3.1.3.4. EAST-CENTRAL [5]: 2.3.1.3.4.0. [2]: Nepali, Awadhi 2.3.1.3.4.1. BIHARI [3]: Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi 2.3.1.3.5. EASTERN [3]: 2.3.1.3.5.0. [1]: Oriya 2.3.1.3.5.1. BENGALI-ASSAMESE [2]: Bengali, Assamese 2.3.2. NURISTANI [5]: Ashkun, Kalasha-ala, Kati, Tregami, Wasi-weri 2.3.3. IRANIAN [40+9]: 2.3.3.1. EASTERN [12+6]: 2.3.3.1.1. NORTHEAST [10+6]: 2.3.3.1.1.1. WEST SCYTHIAN [1+1]: +Scythian, Ossetic 2.3.3.1.1.2. +KHWAREZMIAN [0+2]: +Avestan, +Khwarezmian 2.3.3.1.1.3. SOGDIAN [1+1]: +Sogdian, Yaghnobi 2.3.3.1.1.4. +BACTRIAN [0+1]: +Bactrian 2.3.3.1.1.5. EAST SCYTHIAN [8+1]: 2.3.3.1.1.5.0. [1+1]: +Saka, Pashto 2.3.3.1.1.5.1. PAMIR [7]: 2.3.3.1.1.5.1.1. WAKHI [1]: Wakhi 2.3.3.1.1.5.1.2. MUNJI-YIDGHA [2]: Munji, Yidgha 2.3.3.1.1.5.1.3. SANGLECHI-ISHKASHMI [2]: Sanglechi, Ishkashmi 2.3.3.1.1.5.1.4. SHUGHNI-YAZGULAMI [2]: Shughni, Yazgulami 2.3.3.1.2. SOUTHEAST [2]: Parachi, Ormuri 2.3.3.2. WESTERN [28+3]: 2.3.3.2.1. NORTHWEST [21+2]: 2.3.3.2.1.0. [0+2]: +Median, +Parthian 2.3.3.2.1.1. CENTRAL IRAN [8]: Yazdi, Nayini, Natazi, Soi, Khunsari, Gazi, Sivandi, Vafsi 2.3.3.2.1.2. SEMNANI [2]: Semnani, Sangisari 2.3.3.2.1.3. CASPIAN [2]: Gilaki, Mazanderani 2.3.3.2.1.4. TALYSH [2]: Talysh, Harzani 2.3.3.2.1.5. ZAZA-GORANI [2]: Zaza, Gorani 2.3.3.2.1.6. BALUCHI [2]: Baluchi, Bashkardi 2.3.3.2.1.7. KURDISH [3]: Kirmanji, Kurdi, Kermanshahi 2.3.3.2.2. SOUTHWEST [7+1]: 2.3.3.2.2.1. PERSIAN [2+1]: +Old Persian, Farsi (= Persian), Tajiki 2.3.3.2.2.2. TATI [1]: Tati 2.3.3.2.2.3. FARS [2]: Fars, Lari 2.2.3.2.2.4. LURI [2]: Luri, Kumzari 2.4. ALBANIAN [1]: Albanian 2.5. GREEK [2+1]: +Classical Greek, Greek, Tsakonian 2.6. ITALIC [16+7]: 2.6.1. +OSCO-UMBRIAN [0+3]: +Oscan, +Umbrian, +Sabellian 2.6.2. LATINO-FALISCAN [16+4]: 2.6.2.0. [0+2]: +Faliscan, +Latin 2.6.2.1. ROMANCE [16+2]: 2.6.2.1.1. SARDINIAN [1]: Sardinian 2.6.2.1.2. CONTINENTAL [15+2]: 2.6.2.1.2.1. EASTERN [4]: 2.6.2.1.2.1.1. NORTH [2]: Rumanian, Istro-Rumanian 2.6.2.1.2.1.2. SOUTH [2]: Megleno-Rumanian, Arumanian 2.6.2.1.2.2. WESTERN [11+2]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.1. ITALO-ROMANCE [1+1]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.1.1. +DALMATIAN [0+1]: +Dalmatian 2.6.2.1.2.2.1.2. ITALIAN [1]: Italian 2.6.2.1.2.2.2. RHAETO-ROMANCE [3]: Friulian, Ladin, Romansch 2.6.2.1.2.2.3. GALLO-IBERO-ROMANCE [7+1]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1. GALLO-ROMANCE [3]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1.1. NORTH [2]: Franco-Provençal, French 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1.2. SOUTH [1]: Provençal 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2. IBERO-ROMANCE [4+1]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1. NORTH [4]: 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.1. EASTERN [1]: Catalan 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.2. CENTRAL [1]: Spanish 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.3. WESTERN [2]: Galician, Portuguese 2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.2. +SOUTH [0+1]: +Mozarabic 2.7. CELTIC [4+3]: 2.7.1. +CONTINENTAL [0+1]: +Gaulish 2.7.2. INSULAR [4+2]: 2.7.2.1. GOIDELIC [2+1]: Irish (= Gaelic), Scottish Gaelic, +Manx 2.7.2.2. BRYTHONIC [2+1]: Breton, Welsh, +Cornish 2.8. GERMANIC [12+4]: 2.8.1. +EAST [0+3]: +Gothic, +Vandalic, +Burgundian 2.8.2. NORTH [5+1]: 2.8.2.0. [0+1]: +Runic 2.8.2.1. EAST [2]: Danish, Swedish 2.8.2.2. WEST [3]: Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese 2.8.3. WEST [7]: 2.8.3.1. CONTINENTAL [5]: 2.8.3.1.1. EAST [3]: German, Yiddish, Luxembourgeois 2.8.3.1.2. WEST [2]: Dutch, Afrikaans 2.8.3.2. NORTH SEA [2]: Frisian, English 2.9. BALTO-SLAVIC [15+3]: 2.9.1. BALTIC [2+1]: 2.9.1.1. +WEST [0+1]: +Old Prussian 2.9.1.2. EAST [2]: Latvian, Lithuanian 2.9.2. SLAVIC [13+2]: 2.9.2.1. EAST [3]: 2.9.2.1.2. NORTH [2]: Russian, Byelorussian 2.9.2.1.2. SOUTH [1]: Ukrainian 2.9.2.2. WEST [6+1]: 2.9.2.2.1. NORTH [2+1]: Polish, Kashubian, +Polabian 2.9.2.2.2. CENTRAL [2]: Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian 2.9.2.2.3. SOUTH [2]: Czech, Slovak 2.9.2.3. SOUTH [4+1]: 2.9.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Old Church Slavonic 2.9.2.3.1. WEST [2]: Slovene, Serbo-Croatian 2.9.2.3.2. EAST [2]: Macedonian, Bulgarian ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: INDO-HITTITE Up: INDEX Next: ALTAIC URALIC-YUKAGHIR [24+3] 1. YUKAGHIR [1+2]: Yukaghir, +Chuvantsy, +Omok 2. URALIC [23+1]: 2.1. SAMOYED [4+1]: 2.1.1. NORTH [3]: Nenets, Enets, Nganasan 2.1.2. SOUTH [1+1]: Selkup, +Kamas 2.2. FINNO-UGRIC [19]: 2.2.1. UGRIC [3]: 2.2.1.0. [1]: Hungarian 2.2.1.1. OB-UGRIC [2]: Xanty, Mansi 2.2.2. FINNIC [16]: 2.2.2.1. PERMIC [2]: Udmurt, Komi 2.2.2.2. VOLGAIC [2]: Mari, Mordvin 2.2.2.3. NORTH FINNIC [12]: 2.2.2.3.1. SAAMIC (= LAPPIC) [3]: Northern Saami, Eastern Saami, Southern Saami 2.2.2.3.2. BALTIC FINNIC [9]: Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Olonets, Ludic, Vepsian, Votic, Estonian, Livonian ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: URALIC-YUKAGHIR Up: INDEX Next: CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN ALTAIC [63+3] 1. ALTAIC PROPER [59+3]: 1.1. TURKIC [31+1] : 1.1.0. [0+1]: +Old Turkic 1.1.1. BOLGAR [1]: Chuvash 1.1.2. COMMON TURKIC [30]: 1.1.2.1. SOUTHERN [7]: 1.1.2.1.0. [5]: Khalaj, Gagauz, Turkish, Crimean Turkish, Turkmen 1.1.2.1.1. AZERBAIJANI [2]: Azerbaijani, Qashqay 1.1.2.2. EASTERN [3]: Uighur, Uzbek, Salar 1.1.2.3. WESTERN [7]: 1.1.2.3.0. [1]: Bashkir 1.1.2.3.1. KUMYK-KARACHAY [3]: Karachay, Karaim, Kumyk 1.1.2.3.2. TATAR [3]: Tatar, Baraba, Crimean Tatar 1.1.2.4. CENTRAL [4]: Nogai, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kirghiz 1.1.2.5. NORTHERN [9]: 1.1.2.5.1. YAKUT [2]: Yakut, Dolgan 1.1.2.5.2. TUVA-ALTAI [7]: 1.1.2.5.2.0. [1]: Khakas 1.1.2.5.2.1. ALTAI [2]: Altai, Northern Altai 1.1.2.5.2.2. CHULYM-SHOR [2]: Chulym, Shor 1.1.2.5.2.3. TUVA-KARAGAS [2]: Tuva, Karagas 1.2. MONGOLIAN-TUNGUS [28+2]: 1.2.1. MONGOLIAN [12+1]: 1.2.1.0. [0+1]: +Classical Mongolian 1.2.1.1. WESTERN [1]: Moghol 1.2.1.2. EASTERN [11]: 1.2.1.2.1. DAGUR [1]: Dagur 1.2.1.2.2. MONGUOR [4]: Monguor, Yellow Uighur, Pao-an, Santa 1.2.1.2.3. OIRAT-KHALKHA [6]: 1.2.1.2.3.1. OIRAT-KALMYK [2]: Oirat, Kalmyk 1.2.1.2.3.2. KHALKHA-BURIAT [4]: 1.2.1.2.3.2.1. BURIAT [1]: Buriat 1.2.1.2.3.2.2. MONGOLIAN PROPER [3]: Khalkha, Khorchin, Ordos 1.2.2. TUNGUS [16+1]: 1.2.2.1. NORTHERN [6]: 1.2.2.1.0. [2]: Even, Negidal 1.2.2.1.1. EVENKI [4]: Evenki, Solon, Manegir, Orochon 1.2.2.2. SOUTHERN [10+1]: 1.2.2.2.1. SOUTHWESTERN [1+1]: +Ju-chen, Manchu 1.2.2.2.2. SOUTHEASTERN [9]: 1.2.2.2.2.1. NANAJ [7]: Akani, Birar, Gold, Kile, Olcha, Orok, Samagir 1.2.2.2.2.2. UDIHE [2]: Oroch, Udihe 2. KOREAN-JAPANESE [4]: 2.0. [2]: Korean, Ainu 2.1. JAPANESE-RYUKYUAN [2]: Japanese, Ryukyuan ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: ALTAIC Up: INDEX Next: ESKIMO-ALEUT CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN [5] 1. NORTHERN [4]: 1.1. CHUKCHI [1]: Chukchi 1.2. KORYAK-ALYUTOR [3]: Kerek, Koryak, Alyutor 2. SOUTHERN [1]: Kamchadal ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN Up: INDEX Next: ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN ESKIMO-ALEUT [9] 1. ALEUT [1]: Aleut 2. ESKIMO [8]: 2.1. INUIT [3]: Alaskan Inuit, Canadian Inuit, Greenlandic 2.2. YUPIK [5]: 2.2.1. ALASKAN [2]: Alutiiq, Central Yupik 2.2.2. SIBERIAN [3]: 2.2.2.0. [1]: Sirenik 2.2.2.1. CHAPLINO-NAUKAN [2]: Chaplino, Naukan ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: ESKIMO-ALEUT Up: INDEX Next: SINO-TIBETAN ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN [28+1] 1. +ELAMITE [0+1]: +Elamite 2. DRAVIDIAN [28]: 2.1. NORTHWEST [1]: Brahui 2.2. DRAVIDIAN PROPER [27]: 2.2.1. NORTHEAST [2]: Kurux, Malto 2.2.2. CENTRAL [13]: 2.2.2.1. KOLAMI-PARJI [4]: 2.2.2.1.1. KOLAMI-NAIKI [2]: Kolami, Naiki 2.2.2.1.2. PARJI-GADABA [2]: Parji, Gadaba 2.2.2.2. TELUGU-KUI [9]: 2.2.2.2.1. GONDI-KUI [7]: 2.2.2.2.1.1. GONDI-KOYA [2]: Gondi, Koya 2.2.2.2.1.2. KONDA-KUI [5]: 2.2.2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Konda 2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MANDA-KUI [4]: 2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. MANDA-PENGO [2]: Manda, Pengo 2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2. KUI-KUVI [2]: Kui, Kuvi 2.2.2.2.2. TELUGU [2]: Telugu, Savara 2.2.3. SOUTH [12]: 2.2.3.1. TULU [3]: Tulu, Bellari, Koraga 2.2.3.2. TAMIL-KANNADA [9]: 2.2.3.2.1. KANNADA [2]: Kannada, Badaga 2.2.3.2.2. TAMIL-KODAGU [7]: 2.2.3.2.2.1. KODAGU [2]: Kodagu, Kurumba 2.2.3.2.2.2. TODA-KOTA [2]: Toda, Kota 2.2.3.2.2.3. TAMIL-IRULA [3]: 2.2.3.2.2.3.0. [1]: Irula 2.2.3.2.2.3.1. TAMIL [2]: Tamil, Malayalam ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN Up: INDEX Next: AUSTRIC SINO-TIBETAN [258+10] 1. SINITIC [12+1]: 1.1. BAI [4]: Eryuan, Hoking, Bai, Tali 1.2. CHINESE [8+1]: 1.2.0. [0+1]: +Archaic Chinese 1.2.1. MIN [2]: Northern Min, Southern Min 1.2.2. MANDARIN-YUE [6]: 1.2.2.1. MANDARIN [1]: Mandarin 1.2.2.2. XIANG [1]: Xiang 1.2.2.3. WU [1]: Wu 1.2.2.4. GAN-KEJIA [2]: Gan, Kejia 1.2.2.5. YUE [1]: Yue (= Cantonese) 2. TIBETO-KAREN [246+9]: 2.1. KAREN [14]: 2.1.1. PHO [4]: 2.1.1.0. [1]: Pa-o 2.1.1.1. PHO-PHLON [3]: Pho, Leke, Phlon 2.1.2. SGAW-BWE [10]: 2.1.2.0. [1]: Brec 2.1.2.1. KAYAH [2]: Kayah, Yinbaw 2.1.2.2. BWE [4]: Bwe, Geba, Gekho, Padaung 2.1.2.3. SGAW [3]: Sgaw, Pakü, Mopwa 2.2. TIBETO-BURMAN [232+9]: 2.2.1. TIBETIC [75+2]: 2.2.1.0. [2]: Kaman, Hruso 2.2.1.1. NEWARI-PAHRI [2]: Newari, Pahri 2.2.1.2. DIGARO-MIDU [2]: Digaro, Midu 2.2.1.3. DHIMAL-TOTO [2]: Dhimal, Toto 2.2.1.4. ADI-NISHI [7]: Lepcha, Adi, Tagen, Nishi, Apatani, Yano, Lho-pa 2.2.1.5. BODIC [10+2]: 2.2.1.5.0. [4]: Monpa, Gyarung, Kaike, Ghale 2.2.1.5.1. TAMANG [4]: 2.2.1.5.1.0. [2]: Tamang, Manang 2.2.1.5.1.1. GURUNG-THAKALI [2]: Gurung, Thakali 2.2.1.5.2. TIBETAN [2+2]: +Classical Tibetan, +Zhang-zhung, Central Tibetan, Western Tibetan 2.2.1.6. CENTRAL HIMALAYAN [7]: 2.2.1.6.0. [5]: Magar, Raji, Raute, Kham, Kusunda 2.2.1.6.1. VAYU-CHEPANG [2]: Vayu, Chepang 2.2.1.7. WEST HIMALAYAN [17]: 2.2.1.7.1. NORTH [4]: Bunan, Thebor, Sumchu, Sungam 2.2.1.7.2. NORTHWEST [7]: 2.2.1.7.2.1. KANAURI [4]: Kanauri, Chitkhuli, Tukpa, Kanashi 2.2.1.7.2.2. MANCHATI [3]: Manchati, Chamba, Rangloi 2.2.1.7.3. ALMORA [4]: Rangkas, Darmiya, Chaudangsi, Byangsi 2.2.1.7.4. EASTERN [2]: Thami, Bhramu 2.2.1.8. EAST HIMALAYAN [21]: 2.2.1.8.1. WESTERN [8]: 2.2.1.8.1.0. [2]: Thulung, Chaurasya 2.2.1.8.1.1. BAHING [3]: Bahing, Umbule, Sunwar 2.2.1.8.1.2. DUMI [3]: Dumi, Khaling, Rai 2.2.1.8.2. EASTERN [13]: 2.2.1.8.2.1. KHAMBU [3]: Khambu, Nachereng, Kulung 2.2.1.8.2.2. BONTAWA [10]: 2.2.1.8.2.2.0. [3]: Rodong, Lambichong, Athpare 2.2.1.8.2.2.1. LOHORONG [3]: Lohorong, Yakha, Limbu 2.2.1.8.2.2.2. WALING [4]: Waling, Rungchenbung, Kiranti, Dungmali 2.2.1.9. DZORGAIC [5]: Ch'iang, Dzorgai, Kortse, Pingfang, Thochu 2.2.2. BARIC [16+1]: 2.2.2.1. BODO-GARO [7+1]: 2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Chutiya 2.2.2.1.1. BODO [4+1]: Bodo, Dimasa, Tripuri, Lalung, +Moran 2.2.2.1.2. GARO [2]: Garo, Koch 2.2.2.2. CHANG-TANGSA [9]: Tangsa, Moshang, Shangge, Nocte, Konyak, Wancho, Phom, Chang, Mon 2.2.3. BURMIC [141+6]: 2.2.3.1. KUKI-NAGA [71]: 2.2.3.1.0. [3]: Meithei, Mikir, Mru 2.2.3.1.1. NORTHERN NAGA [8]: 2.2.3.1.1.0. [2]: Yimchungru, Lotha 2.2.3.1.1.1. SANGTAM [3]: Lophomi, Thukumi, Pochuri 2.2.3.1.1.2. AO [3]: Ao, Mongsen, Tengsa 2.2.3.1.2. EASTERN NAGA [8]: 2.2.3.1.2.1. RENGMA [3]: Rengma, Ntenyi, Meluri 2.2.3.1.2.2. SIMI [3]: Kezhama, Mao, Zumomi 2.2.3.1.2.3. ANGAMI [2]: Angami, Chakrima 2.2.3.1.3. SOUTHERN NAGA [3]: Maring, Tangkhul, Kupome 2.2.3.1.4. WESTERN KUKI [5]: Maram, Liangmai, Nruanghmei, Khoirao, Zeme 2.2.3.1.5. NORTHERN KUKI [6]: Kamhau, Ralte, Siyin, Thado, Vuite, Zo 2.2.3.1.6. OLD KUKI [14]: 2.2.3.1.6.0. [1]: Kyao 2.2.3.1.6.1. LAMGANG [2]: Lamgang, Anal 2.2.3.1.6.2. KOLHRENG [3]: Kolhreng, Kom, Tarao 2.2.3.1.6.3. CENTRAL [4]: Chiru, Aimol, Purum, Langrong 2.2.3.1.6.4. WESTERN [4]: 2.2.3.1.6.4.0. [1]: Southern Luhupa 2.2.3.1.6.4.1. NORTHERN [2]: Hrangkhol, Biate 2.2.3.1.6.4.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Hallam 2.2.3.1.7. CENTRAL KUKI [12]: 2.2.3.1.7.0. [1]: Langet 2.2.3.1.7.1. MIZO [5]: Mizo, Zahao, Hmar, Pankhu, Paang 2.2.3.1.7.2. HAKA [2]: Haka, Shonshe 2.2.3.1.7.3. LAKHER [4]: Mara, Tlongsai, Hawthai, Sabeu 2.2.3.1.8. SOUTHERN KUKI [12]: 2.2.3.1.8.1. SHO [7]: Sho, Khyeng, Khyang, Thayetmo, Minbu, Chinbon, Lemyo 2.2.3.1.8.2. CHINBOK [2]: Chinbok, Ng'men 2.2.3.1.8.3. KHAMI [3]: Khami, Khumi, Ngala 2.2.3.2. KACHIN-LUIC [19+3]: 2.2.3.2.0. [1+1]: Taman, +Chairel 2.2.3.2.1. KACHIN [3+1]: Jinghpaw, Hkauri, Hka-hku, +Jili 2.2.3.2.2. LUIC [5+1]: +Andro, Sengmai, Kadu, Sak, Chakpa, Phayeng 2.2.3.2.3. RAWANG [10]: Krangku, Lungmi, Nung, Rawang, Zithung, Trung, Metu, Melam, Tamalu, Tukiumu 2.2.3.3. BURMESE-MOSO [51+3]: 2.2.3.3.1. MOSO [2]: Moso, Naxi 2.2.3.3.2. BURMESE-LOLO [49+3]: 2.2.3.3.2.1. BURMIC [6]: 2.2.3.3.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Phun, Achang, Maru, Lashi, Tsaiwa 2.2.3.3.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Burmese 2.2.3.3.2.2. LOLO [43+3]: 2.2.3.3.2.2.0. [3+3]: Daignet, Duampu, Nameji, +Sihia, +Pai-lang, +Tosu 2.2.3.3.2.2.1. NORTHERN LOLO [14]: 2.2.3.3.2.2.1.0. [11]: Thongho, Pakishan, Kangsiangying, Kiaokio, Nee, Laichau, Tudza, Nuoku, Liang-shan, P'ou-la, Sani 2.2.3.3.2.2.1.1. NASÖ [3]: Ulu, Ko-p'u, Weining 2.2.3.3.2.2.2. EAST LOLO [2]: Khoany, Mung 2.2.3.3.2.2.3. CENTRAL LOLO [6]: 2.2.3.3.2.2.3.0. [1]: Lisu 2.2.3.3.2.2.3.1. LOLO PROPER [5]: Nyi, Chökö, Ahi, Lolopho, Phupha 2.2.3.3.2.2.4. SOUTHERN LOLO [13]: 2.2.3.3.2.2.4.1. PHUNOI [6]: Phunoi, Pyen, Bisu, Mpi, Khaskhong, Hwethom 2.2.3.3.2.2.4.2. AKHA [7]: Akha, Ako, Asong, Phana, Menghwa, Hani, Lahu 2.2.3.3.2.2.5. RESIDUAL LOLO [5]: 2.2.3.3.2.2.5.0. [1]: Ugong 2.2.3.3.2.2.5.1. HSIFAN [4]: Manyak, Horpa, Menia, Muli ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: SINO-TIBETAN Up: INDEX Next: INDO-PACIFIC AUSTRIC [1175+12] 1. MIAO-YAO [4]: 1.1. MIAO [1]: Miao 1.2. YAO [3]: Laka, Punu, Mien (= Yao) 2. AUSTROASIATIC [155]: 2.1. MUNDA [17]: 2.1.1. NORTH [8]: 2.1.1.1. KORKU [1]: Korku 2.1.1.2. KHERWARI [7]: 2.1.1.2.1. SANTALI [2]: Santali, Turi 2.1.1.2.2. MUNDARI [5]: Mundari, Ho, Korwa, Birhor, Asuri 2.1.2. SOUTH [9]: 2.1.2.1. CENTRAL [2]: Kharia, Juang 2.1.2.2. KORAPUT [7]: 2.1.2.2.1. SORA-GORUM [3]: 2.1.2.2.1.1. GORUM [1]: Gorum 2.1.2.2.1.2. SORA-JURAY [2]: Sora, Juray 2.1.2.2.2. GUTOB-REMO-GTA' [4]: 2.1.2.2.2.1. GUTOB-REMO [2]: Gutob, Remo 2.1.2.2.2.2. GTA' [2]: Plains Gta', Hill Gta' 2.2. MON-KHMER [138]: 2.2.1. NORTH [43]: 2.2.1.1. KHASI [2]: Khasi, Amwi 2.2.1.2. PALAUNGIC-KHMUIC [34]: 2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Mang 2.2.1.2.1. PALAUNGIC [27]: 2.2.1.2.1.1. EAST [7]: 2.2.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Danau 2.2.1.2.1.1.1. PALAUNG-RIANG [6]: 2.2.1.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Riang 2.2.1.2.1.1.1.1. PALAUNG [5]: Shwe, Da'ang, Rumai, Bonglong, Pale 2.2.1.2.1.2. WEST [20]: 2.2.1.2.1.2.1. LAMET-KHAMET [2]: Lamet, Khamet 2.2.1.2.1.2.2. WAIC [12]: 2.2.1.2.1.2.2.1. BULANG [5]: Phang, P'uman<2>, Plang, Tai-Loi, Kem Degne 2.2.1.2.1.2.2.2. WA-LAWA [7]: Wa, Lawa, La, Palok, Son, En, K'ala 2.2.1.2.1.2.3. ANGKUIC [6]: Mok, Angku, Kon Keu, P'uman<1>, Pou Ma, Kiorr 2.2.1.2.2. KHMUIC [6]: 2.2.1.2.2.1. YUMBRI-MRABRI [2]: Yumbri, Mrabri 2.2.1.2.2.2. MAL-KHMU' [4]: 2.2.1.2.2.2.0. [1]: Khmu' 2.2.1.2.2.2.1. MAL [3]: Mal, Phray, Phaï 2.2.1.3. VIET-MUONG [7]: 2.2.1.3.1. Group I [3]: Thavung, Pakatan, Arem 2.2.1.3.2. Group II [1]: Poong 2.2.1.3.3. Group III [2]: Mày, Muòng 2.2.1.3.4. Group IV [1]: Vietnamese 2.2.2. EAST [72]: 2.2.2.1. KATUIC [28]: 2.2.2.1.1. WEST [14]: 2.2.2.1.1.1. SO-BR\~U [10]: So, Br\~u, Mangkong, Tri, Chali, Khua, Leung, Kaleu, Galler, Vân Kìêu 2.2.2.1.1.2. KUY-SUEI [4]: Suei, Na Nhyang, Kuy, Yeu 2.2.2.1.2. EAST [14]: 2.2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Katang, Tareng 2.2.2.1.2.1. PAC\(OH-PHUONG [2]: Pac\(oh, Phuong 2.2.2.1.2.2. KATU-THAP [3]: Katu, Kantu, Thap 2.2.2.1.2.3. TA-OY-TONG [4]: Ta-Oy, Tong, Ong, Kha In 2.2.2.1.2.4. NGEQ-NKRIANG [3]: Ngeq, Nkriang, Kha Koh 2.2.2.2. BAHNARIC [37]: 2.2.2.2.1. SOUTH [8]: 2.2.2.2.1.1. STIENG-CHRAU [2]: Stieng, Chrau 2.2.2.2.1.2. SRE-MNONG [6]: 2.2.2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Sre, Maa' 2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MNONG [4]: 2.2.2.2.1.2.1.0. [2]: Eastern Mnong, Biat 2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. SOUTHERN-CENTRAL [2]: Southern Mnong, Central Mnong 2.2.2.2.2. WEST [13]: 2.2.2.2.2.0. [6]: Loven, Lave, Sok, Sapuan, Cheng, Suq 2.2.2.2.2.1. NYAHÖ\'N-PROUAC [2]: Nyahö\'n, Prouac 2.2.2.2.2.2. OI-THE [2]: Oi, The 2.2.2.2.2.3. BRAO-KRAVET [3]: Brao, Kru'ng, Kravet 2.2.2.2.3. CENTRAL [4]: Bahnar, Alak, Tampuan, Lmam 2.2.2.2.4. NORTH [12]: 2.2.2.2.4.1. EAST [3]: 2.2.2.2.4.1.0. [1]: Takua 2.2.2.2.4.1.1. CUA-KAYONG [2]: Cua, Kayong 2.2.2.2.4.2. WEST [9]: 2.2.2.2.4.2.0. [2]: Rengao, Duan 2.2.2.2.4.2.1. JEH-HAL\(ANG [2]: Jeh, Hal\(ang 2.2.2.2.4.2.2. SEDANG-TODRAH [5]: 2.2.2.2.4.2.2.1. SEDANG [2]: Sedang, Hrê 2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2. TODRAH-MONOM [3]: 2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Monom 2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2.1. TODRAH [2]: Modra, Didra 2.2.2.3. KHMER [1]: Khmer(= Cambodian) 2.2.2.4. PEARIC [6]: 2.2.2.4.1. EASTERN [1]: Pear 2.2.2.4.2. WESTERN [5]: 2.2.2.4.2.0. [1]: Suoy 2.2.2.4.2.1. SAMRE [2]: Samre, Somray 2.2.2.4.2.2. CHONG [2]: Chong, Sa'och 2.2.3. SOUTH [23]: 2.2.3.1. MONIC [2]: Mon, Nyah Kur 2.2.3.2. ASLIAN [19]: 2.2.3.2.1. SEMANG-JAH HUT [15]: 2.2.3.2.1.0. [1]: Jah Hut 2.2.3.2.1.1. SEMANG-SENOIC [14]: 2.2.3.2.1.1.1. SEMANG [9]: 2.2.3.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Che' Wong 2.2.3.2.1.1.1.1. WESTERN [3]: Kensiu, Kenta' Bong, Mos 2.2.3.2.1.1.1.2. EASTERN [5]: Jehai, Mendriq, Bateg Deq, Mintil, Bateg Nong 2.2.3.2.1.1.2. SENOIC [5]: 2.2.3.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Semai 2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1. NORTH [4]: 2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Temiar 2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1.1. LANOH-SEMNAM [3]: Lanoh, Sabum, Semnam 2.2.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [4]: Mah Meri, Semaq Beri, Semelai, Temoq 2.2.3.3. NICOBAR ISLANDS [2]: Shompen, Nicobarese 3. AUSTRO-TAI [1016+12]: 3.1. DAIC [57]: 3.1.1. LATI-GELAO [2]: Lati, Gelao 3.1.2. LI-KAM-TAI [55]: 3.1.2.1. LI-LAQUA [3]: 3.1.2.1.0. [1]: Li 3.1.2.1.1. LAQUA-LAHA [2]: Laqua, Laha 3.1.2.2. BE-KAM-TAI [52]: 3.1.2.2.0. [1]: Be 3.1.2.2.1. LAKKIA-KAM-TAI [51]: 3.1.2.2.1.1. LAKKIA [1]: Lakkia 3.1.2.2.1.2. KAM-TAI [50]: 3.1.2.2.1.2.1. KAM-SUI [6]: Kam, Mak, Sui, Then, Maonan, Mulao 3.1.2.2.1.2.2. TAI [44]: 3.1.2.2.1.2.2.1. NORTHERN [18]: Ch'ien-chiang, Zhuang, Giay, Hsi-lin, Kwei-yang, Ling-yun, Lung-an, Nhang, Bouyei, Po-se, Qui-chau, Saek, Tien-chow, T'ien-pa, Zhongjia, Tushan, Wu-ming, Yay 3.1.2.2.1.2.2.2. CENTRAL [8]: Man Cao-lan, Nung, Tay, Tho, Tien-pao, Ts'un-lao, Yung-chu'un, Lungchow 3.1.2.2.1.2.2.3. SOUTHWESTERN [18]: Khamti, Khün, Lao (= Laotian), Lü, Maw, Phu Thai, Phuan, Shan, Thai (= Siamese), Northern Thai, Southern Thai, White Tai, Black Tai, Red Tai, Tay Nua, Ya, Yuan, Yunnan Shant'ou 3.2. AUSTRONESIAN [959+12]: 3.2.1. ATAYALIC [2]: Atayal, Sedeq 3.2.2. TSOUIC [4]: 3.2.2.0. [1]: Rukai 3.2.2.1. TSOUIC PROPER [3]: 3.2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [1]: Tsou 3.2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Kanakanabu, Saaroa 3.2.3. PAIWANIC [8+7]: 3.2.3.0. [5]: Bunun, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saisiyat, Ami 3.2.3.1. SINICIZED [3+7]: Kavalan, Pazeh, Thao, +Ketangalan, +Basay, +Taokas, +Papora, +Babuza, +Hoanya, +Siraya 3.2.4. MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [945+5]: 3.2.4.1. WESTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [374]: 3.2.4.1.0. [3]: Chamorro, Palauan, Yapese 3.2.4.1.1. NORTHERN PHILIPPINES [53]: 3.2.4.1.1.1. NORTHERN LUZON [41]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.1. NORTHERN CORDILLERAN [15]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.0. [6]: Isnag, Yogad, Adasen, Malaweg, Agta, Itawis 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.1. GADDANG [2]: Gaddang, Ga'dang 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.2. IBANAG-ATTA [2]: Ibanag, Atta 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3. DUMAGAT [5]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3.0. [1]: Umiray Dumagat 3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3.1. NORTHERN [4]: Southeast Cagayan Agta, Kasiguranin, Casiguran Dumagat, Paranan 3.2.4.1.1.1.2. ILOKANO [1]: Ilokano 3.2.4.1.1.1.3. SOUTH-CENTRAL CORDILLERAN [25]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1. CENTRAL CORDILLERAN [18]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.0. [1]: Isinai 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1. KALINGA-ITNEG [5]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1.0. [1]: Itneg 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1.1. KALINGA [4]: Kalinga-Itneg, North Kalinga, Central Kalinga, South Kalinga 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2. NUCLEAR CORDILLERAN [12]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.0. [1]: Balangaw 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.1. IFUGAO [3]: Kiangan, Central Ifugao, East Ifugao 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2. BONTOK-KANKANAY [8]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2.1. BONTOK [4]: Sadanga, East Bontok, South Bontok, Central Bontok 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2.2. KANKANAY [4]: Kankanay-Itneg, North Kankanay, Central Kankanay, South Kankanay 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2. SOUTHERN CORDILLERAN [7]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.0. [1]: Ilongot 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1. PANGASINIC [6]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.0. [1]: Pangasinan 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1. BENGUET [5]: 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.0. [1]: I'wak 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.1. IBALOI-KARAW [2]: Inibaloi, Karaw 3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.2. KALLAHAN [2]: North Kallahan, South Kallahan 3.2.4.1.1.2. BASHIIC--CENTRAL LUZON--NORTHERN MINDORO [12]: 3.2.4.1.1.2.1. BASHIIC [4]: 3.2.4.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Yami 3.2.4.1.1.2.1.1. IVATAN [3]: Itbayaten, Ivatanen, Babuyan 3.2.4.1.1.2.2. CENTRAL LUZON [5]: 3.2.4.1.1.2.2.0. [2]: Sinauna, Kapampangan 3.2.4.1.1.2.2.1. SAMBALIC [3]: Tina, Botolan, Bolinao 3.2.4.1.1.2.3. NORTHERN MINDORO [3]: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan 3.2.4.1.2. SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES [23]: 3.2.4.1.2.1. SUBANUN [5]: 3.2.4.1.2.1.0. [2]: Siocon Subanon, Kalibugan 3.2.4.1.2.1.1. EASTERN [3]: Sindangan, Salug, Lapuyan 3.2.4.1.2.2. MANOBO [15]: 3.2.4.1.2.2.1. NORTH [3]: Kagayanen, Binukid, Kinamigin 3.2.4.1.2.2.2. CENTRAL [8]: 3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1. SOUTH [3]: 3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Obo 3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1.1. ATA-TIGWA [2]: Ata, Tigwa 3.2.4.1.2.2.2.2. EAST [3]: Agusan, Dibabawon, Rajah Kabungsuan 3.2.4.1.2.2.2.3. WEST [2]: Ilianen, Western Bukidnon 3.2.4.1.2.2.3. SOUTH [4]: 3.2.4.1.2.2.3.0. [2]: Tagabawa, Sarangani Manobo 3.2.4.1.2.2.3.1. COTABATO [2]: Kalamansig, Tasaday 3.2.4.1.2.3. DANAO [3]: 3.2.4.1.2.3.0. [1]: Magindanao 3.2.4.1.2.3.1. MARANAO-IRANON [2]: Maranao, Iranon 3.2.4.1.3. MESO-PHILIPPINE [54]: 3.2.4.1.3.1. SOUTH MANGYAN [3]: 3.2.4.1.3.1.0. [1]: Hanunoo 3.2.4.1.3.1.1. BUHID-TAUBUID [2]: Buhid, Taubuid 3.2.4.1.3.2. KALAMIAN [2]: Kalamianen, Agutaynen 3.2.4.1.3.3. PALAWAN [5]: Batak, Tagbanwa, Palaweño, Molbog, Banggi 3.2.4.1.3.4. CENTRAL PHILIPPINES [44]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.1. TAGALOG [3]: Tagalog, Lubang, Marinduque 3.2.4.1.3.4.2. BIKOL [8]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.0. [1]: Pandan 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1. INLAND [5]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.0. [1]: Iriga 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1. BUHI-DARAGA [4]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Buhi 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1. LIBON-DARAGA [3]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Libon 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1.1. OAS-DARAGA [2]: Oas, Daraga 3.2.4.1.3.4.2.2. COASTAL [2]: Virac, Naga 3.2.4.1.3.4.3. MANSAKAN [8]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.0. [1]: Davaweño 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.1. NORTH [1]: Kamayo 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2. EASTERN [4]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2.0. [2]: Isamal, Caraga 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2.1. MANDAYAN [2]: Mandayan, Mansakan 3.2.4.1.3.4.3.3. WESTERN [2]: Kalagan, Tagakaolo 3.2.4.1.3.4.4. MAMANWA [1]: Mamanwa 3.2.4.1.3.4.5. BISAYAN [24]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1. SOUTH [5]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1.1. SURIGAO [3]: Surigaonon, Jaun-Jaun, Kantilan 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1.2. BUTUAN-TAUSUG [2]: Tausug, Butuanon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.2. CEBUAN [2]: Cebuano, Boholano 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3. CENTRAL [8]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1. WARAYAN [3]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1.0. [1]: Gubat 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1.1. SAMAR-WARAY [2]: North Samar, Waray 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.2. PERIPHERAL [4]: Camotes, Bantayan, Masbate, Hiligaynon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.3. ROMBLON [1]: Romblonanon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.4. BANTON [2]: Banton, Odionganon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5. WEST [7]: 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.1. KUYAN [2]: Kuyunon, Datagnon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.2. KINARAYAN [2]: Kinaray-a, Pandan 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.3. NORTH-CENTRAL [2]: Looknon, Bulalakawnon 3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.4. AKLAN [1]: Aklanon 3.2.4.1.4. SOUTH MINDANAO [5]: 3.2.4.1.4.0. [2]: Bagobo, Tiruray 3.2.4.1.4.1. BILIC [3]: 3.2.4.1.4.1.0. [1]: Tboli 3.2.4.1.4.1.1. BLAAN [2]: Cotabato Bilaan, Sarangani Bilaan 3.2.4.1.5. CELEBES [61]: 3.2.4.1.5.1. SANGIR-MINAHASAN [10]: 3.2.4.1.5.1.1. SANGIRIC [5]: Talaud, Sangir, Sangil, Bantik, Ratahan 3.2.4.1.5.1.2. MINIHASAN [5]: Tonsea, Tondano, Tombulu, Tontemboan, Tonsawang 3.2.4.1.5.2. MONGONDOW-GORONTALO [9]: 3.2.4.1.5.2.1. MONGONDOW [2]: Ponosakan, Mongondow 3.2.4.1.5.2.2. GORONTALO [7]: Bintauna, Kaidipang, Bolango, Atinggola, Suwawa, Gorontalo, Buol 3.2.4.1.5.3. CENTRAL SULAWESI [25]: 3.2.4.1.5.3.0. [1]: Banggai 3.2.4.1.5.3.1. EASTERN [3]: Saluan, Andio, Balantak 3.2.4.1.5.3.2. WEST-CENTRAL [21]: 3.2.4.1.5.3.2.0. [1]: Balaesan 3.2.4.1.5.3.2.1. TOMINI [8]: Tolitoli, Tomini, Bolano, Dondo, Dampelasa, Kasimbar, Petapa, Ndau 3.2.4.1.5.3.2.2. KAILI-PAMONA [8]: Kaili, Pipikoro, Lindu, Sedoa, Napu, Bada, Rampi, Pamona 3.2.4.1.5.3.2.3. BUNGKU-MORI [4]: Bungku, Mori, Lalaki, Mekongka 3.2.4.1.5.4. SOUTH SULAWESI [9]: Makassarese, Bugis, Mandar, Sa'dan, Massenrempulu, Pitu Ulunna Salo, Mamuju, Seko, Wotu 3.2.4.1.5.5. MUNA-BUTON [8]: Muna, Wolio, South Buton, Buton, Tukang-Besi, Bonerate, Kalaotoa, Layolo 3.2.4.1.6. BORNEO [109]: 3.2.4.1.6.0. [1]: Ida'an 3.2.4.1.6.1. NORTHEAST [33]: 3.2.4.1.6.1.1. MURUT-TIDONG [12]: 3.2.4.1.6.1.1.1. MURUT [7]: Selungai Murut, Kolod, Sumambu, Paluan, Timugon, Beaufort Murut, Keningau Murut 3.2.4.1.6.1.1.2. TIDONG [5]: Tidong, Sembakung, Baukan, Kalabakan, Serudung 3.2.4.1.6.1.2. DUSUN-BISAYA [15]: 3.2.4.1.6.1.2.1. DUSUN [11]: Gana, Kuijau, Kadazan-Dusun, Lotud, Papar, Rungus, Eastern Kadazan, Klias River Kadazan, Kimaragang, Garo, Tebilung 3.2.4.1.6.1.2.2. BISAYAN [4]: Tatana, Northern Bisaya, Southern Bisaya, Tutong<1> 3.2.4.1.6.1.3. PAITANIC [6]: Dumpas, Lingkabau, Abai Sungai, Tambanua, Upper Kinabatangan, Lobu 3.2.4.1.6.2. APO DUAT [5]: Lundayeh, Kelabit, Sa'ban, Lengilu, Putoh 3.2.4.1.6.3. REJANG-BARAM [17]: 3.2.4.1.6.3.1. LOWER REJANG [3]: Melanau, Kanowit, Tanjong 3.2.4.1.6.3.2. REJANG-BINTULU [4]: Bintulu, Lahanan, Kajaman, Bukitan 3.2.4.1.6.3.3. BARAM-TINJAR [5]: Lelak, Narom, Kiput, Tutong<2>, Berawan 3.2.4.1.6.3.4. REJANG-SAJAU [5]: Punan Bah, Punan Merap, Sajau Basap, Burusu, Basap 3.2.4.1.6.4. LAND DAYAK [12]: Silakau, Lara', Jagoi, Singgie, Biatah, Bukar Sadong, Bekati', Benyadu', Kembayan, Ribun, Djongkang, Sanggau 3.2.4.1.6.5. KAYAN-KENYAH [29]: 3.2.4.1.6.5.0. [1]: Punan-Nibong 3.2.4.1.6.5.1. KAYAN [17]: 3.2.4.1.6.5.1.0. [1]: Murik Kayan 3.2.4.1.6.5.1.1. WESTERN [8]: Rejang Kayan, Baram Kayan, Mendalam Kayan, Kayan Mahakam, Busang, Bahau, Kayan River Kayan, Wahau Kayan 3.2.4.1.6.5.1.2. MODANG [2]: Modang, Segai 3.2.4.1.6.5.1.3. MULLER-SCHWANER "PUNAN" [6]: Aoheng, Havongan, Kereho-Uheng, Bukat, Punan Aput, Punan Merah 3.2.4.1.6.5.2. KENYAH [11]: 3.2.4.1.6.5.2.0. [5]: Bakung Kenyah, Sebob Kenyah, Tutoh Kenyah, Punan Tubu, Wahau Kenyah 3.2.4.1.6.5.2.1. MAIN KENYAH [6]: Western Kenyah, Upper Baram Kenyah, Bahau River Kenyah, Kayan River Kenyah, Mahakam Kenyah, Kelinyao Kenyah 3.2.4.1.6.6. BARITO [12]: 3.2.4.1.6.6.1. EAST [4]: Lawangan, Dusun Deyah, Ma'anyan, Malagasy 3.2.4.1.6.6.2. WEST [6]: 3.2.4.1.6.6.2.1. NORTHWEST [2]: Dohoi, Siang 3.2.4.1.6.6.2.2. SOUTHWEST [4]: Kapuas, Katingan, Kahayan, Bakumpai 3.2.4.1.6.6.3. MAHAKAM [2]: Tunjung, Ampanang 3.2.4.1.7. SAMA-BAJAW [20]: 3.2.4.1.7.0. [4]: Abaknon, Batuan, Yakan, Sibutuq 3.2.4.1.7.1. SULU-BORNEO [16]: 3.2.4.1.7.1.1. INNER SULU SAMA [3]: North Sama, Central Sama, South Sama 3.2.4.1.7.1.2. WESTERN SULU SAMA [1]: Pangutaran 3.2.4.1.7.1.3. BORNEO COAST BAJAW [12]: 3.2.4.1.7.1.3.0. [1]: Jama Mapun 3.2.4.1.7.1.3.1. NORTH BORNEO [3]: Kota Belud, Kawang, Putatan 3.2.4.1.7.1.3.2. INDONESIAN [8]: Sulamu, Kajoa, Roti, Jaya Bakti, Poso, Tongian<1>, Tongian<2>, Wallace 3.2.4.1.8. SUNDIC [46]: 3.2.4.1.8.0. [4]: Javanese, Sundanese, Mbaloh, Gayo 3.2.4.1.8.1. LAMPUNG [2]: Lampung, Komering 3.2.4.1.8.2. BALI-SASAK [3]: Bali, Sasak, Sumbawa 3.2.4.1.8.3. SUMATRA [10]: 3.2.4.1.8.3.0. [3]: Lom, Mentawai, Enggano 3.2.4.1.8.3.1. NORTHERN [2]: Simeulue, Nias 3.2.4.1.8.3.2. BATAK [5]: 3.2.4.1.8.3.2.0. [1]: Simalungan 3.2.4.1.8.3.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Alas, Karo Batak 3.2.4.1.8.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Toba Batak, Mandailing 3.2.4.1.8.4. MALAYIC [27]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.0. [1]: Madurese 3.2.4.1.8.4.1. MALAYIC DAYAK [2]: Iban, Malayic Dayak 3.2.4.1.8.4.2. MALAY-MOKLEN [13]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.2.1. MOKLEN [2]: Moklen, Moken 3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2. MALAYAN [11]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.1. PARA-MALAY [4]: Minangkabau, Urak Lawoi', Duano', Rejang 3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.2. ABORIGINAL MALAY [4]: Temuan, Orang Hulu, Orang Kanaq, Orang Seletar 3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.3. LOCAL MALAY [3]: Malay, Indonesian, Orang Laut 3.2.4.1.8.4.3. ACHINESE-CHAMIC [11]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.0. [1]: Achinese 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1. CHAMIC [10]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.1. NORTH [1]: Huihui 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2. SOUTH [9]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.1. PLATEAU [3]: Jarai, Rhade, Haroi 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2. COASTAL [6]: 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2.1. CHAM-CHRU [3]: East Cham, West Cham, Chru 3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2.2. RAGLAI [3]: South Raglai, North Raglai, Cacgia Raglai 3.2.4.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [571+5]: 3.2.4.2.1. CENTRAL MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [89+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1. CENTRAL MALUKU [37+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Teor 3.2.4.2.1.1.1. WEST [5]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Ambelau 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1. BURU-TALIABO [4]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Buru 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1. SULA-TALIABO [3]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Taliabo 3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1.1. SULA [2]: Sula, Mangoli 3.2.4.2.1.1.2. EAST [31+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1. BANDA [3]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Banda 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1.1. SERAN LAUT [2]: Geser, Watubela 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2. SERAM [28+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.1. EAST SERAM [3]: Bobot, Masiwang, Seti 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2. NUNUSAKU [25+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.0. [1]: Kayeli 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL SERAM [2]: Nuaulu, Manusela 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2. THREE RIVERS [8]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Wemale 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1. AMALUMUTE [7]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Atamanu 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1. NORTHWEST SERAM [6]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1.0. [4]: Saleman, Hulung, Loun, Lisabata 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. ULAT INAI [2]: Naka'ela, Alune 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3. PIRU BAY [14+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1. WEST [5+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.0. [1]: Asilulu 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1. HOAMOAL [4+1]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1.1. EAST [2]: Boano, Wakasihu 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1.2. WEST [2+1]: Manipa, Luhu, +Batumerah 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2. EAST [9]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Teluti 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1. SERAM STRAITS [8]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.0. [3]: Kaibobo, Hitu, Paulohi 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1. ULIASE [5]: 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1.0. [1]: Kamarian 3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1.1. HATUHAHA [4]: Saparua, Haruku, Nusalaut, Amahai 3.2.4.2.1.2. SOUTHEAST MALUKU [9]: 3.2.4.2.1.2.0. [1]: Selaru 3.2.4.2.1.2.1. KEI-ARU [8]: 3.2.4.2.1.2.1.0. [3]: Kei, Yamdena, Selwasa 3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1. ARU [5]: 3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1.0. [2]: Ujir, Kola 3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1.1. SOUTH [3]: Dobel, Barakai, Tarangan 3.2.4.2.1.3. TIMOR-FLORES [24]: 3.2.4.2.1.3.0. [2]: Helong, Naueti 3.2.4.2.1.3.1. FLORES-LEMBATA [3]: Sikka, Lamaholot, Kedang 3.2.4.2.1.3.2. TIMOR [19]: Roti, Timorese, Tetun, Kemak, Tukudede, Mambai, Galoli, Idate, Lakalei, Wetar, Roma, Kisar, Letri Lgona, Dai, Dawera, Masela, Damar, Teun, Serua 3.2.4.2.1.4. WAIMA'A [3]: Waima'a, Habu, Kairui 3.2.4.2.1.5. BIMA-SUMBA [16]: Bima, Kodi, Weyewa, Lamboya, Wanukaka, Anakalangu, Mamboru, East Sumbanese, Savu, Ndao, Manggarai, Riung, Ngada, Ende, Lio, Palu'e 3.2.4.2.2. EASTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [482+4]: 3.2.4.2.2.1. SOUTH HALMAHERA--NORTHWEST NEW GUINEA [56]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.1. BOMBERAI [9]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.1.0. [1]: Kaiwai 3.2.4.2.2.1.1.1. ONIN [6]: Uruangnirin, Onin, Sekar, Arguni, Bedoanas, Erokwanas 3.2.4.2.2.1.1.2. KUIWAI [2]: Irahutu, Nabi 3.2.4.2.2.1.2. SOUTH HALMAHERA--GEELVINK BAY [47]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1. SOUTH HALMAHERA [23]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.1. SOUTH [2]: Gane, East Makian 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2. CENTRAL-EAST [21]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2.0. [14]: Buli, Maba, Patani, Sawai, Weda, Misool, Amber, Wajamli, Bichole, Giman, Salawati, Waigeo, Batanta, As 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2.1. RAJA EMPAT [7]: Maya, Maden, Palamul, Matbat, Laganyan, Kawe, Gebe 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2. GEELVINK BAY [24]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.0. [6]: Waropen, Mor<2>, Iresim, Yaur, Yeretuar, Tandia 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.1. BIAKIC [4]: Biak, Ron, Dusner, Meoswar 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2. YAPEN [14]: 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2.1. EAST [2]: Wabo, Kurudu 3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2.2. CENTRAL-WESTERN [12]: Wandamen, Ansus, Woi, Pom, Aibondeni, Marau, Munggui, Papuma, Busami, Serui-Laut, Wadapi-Laut, Ambai 3.2.4.2.2.2. OCEANIC [426+4]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Maisin 3.2.4.2.2.2.1. SARMI-YOTAFA [6]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.1.1. SARMI [3]: Sobei, Bongo, Tarpia 3.2.4.2.2.2.1.2. YOTAFA [3]: Yotafa, Ormu, Kayupulau 3.2.4.2.2.2.2. SIASSI [44]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1. SEPIK-MADANG [22]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1. SEPIK [13]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. WESTERN [5]: Sera, Sissano, Tumleo, Ali, Ulau 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. EASTERN [8]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Kis 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. KAIRIRU [2]: Kairiru, Kaiep 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.2. MANAM [5]: Wogeo, Bam, Sepa, Manam, Medebur 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2. MADANG [9]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1. BEL [6]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Takia, Megiar, Matukar, Gedaged, Bilbil 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Ham 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.2. ASTROLABAN [3]: Wab, Biliau, Mindiri 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2. RAI COAST--NORTHWEST NEW BRITAIN [22]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1. RAI COAST [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.0. [2]: Sio, Mangap 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. KORAP [3]: Lukep, Malasanga, Barim 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. ROINJI-NENGAYA [2]: Nengaya, Roinji 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2. BARIAI-NGERO [8]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. NGERO [4]: Tami, Mutu, Gitua, Malamalai 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. BARIAI [4]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. CAPE GLOUCESTER [2]: Maleu, Kilenge 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. KOVE-BARIAI [2]: Bariai, Kove 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3. HUON GULF [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3.1. YABIM-BUKAWAC [5]: Yabim, Bukawac, Lae, Labu, Kela 3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3.2. KAIWA-SIBOMA [2]: Kaiwa, Siboma 3.2.4.2.2.2.3. MARKHAM [23]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1. ADZERA [14]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.1. LOWER WATUT [3]: Silisili, Dangal, Maralango 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.2. MARKHAM PROPER [7]: Adzera, Wampur, Unank, Sukurum, Ngariawan, Sirasira, Wampar 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.3. BUSU [4]: Sirak, Guwot, Musom, Yalu 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.2. BUANG [6]: Mumeng, Piu, Kapin, Mapos, Manga, Vehes 3.2.4.2.2.2.3.3. HOTE [3]: Hote, Yamap, Misim 3.2.4.2.2.2.4. MILNE BAY--CENTRAL PROVINCE [54]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1. MILNE BAY [41]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.1. EASTERN [3]: Misima, Nimowa, Tagula 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2. WESTERN [38]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.1. MINIAFIA-UBIR [2]: Miniafia, Ubir 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.2. MUKAWA [6]: Doga, Anuki, Mukawa, Gapapaiwa, Boianaki, Wataluma 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.3. KAKABAI [2]: Dawawa, Igora 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.4. TAUPOTA-WEDAU [5]: Wedau, Taupota, Garuwahi, Kehelala, Kukuya 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.5. SUAU [3]: Suau, Bohutu, Wagawaga 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.6. DUAU [5]: Tubetube, Duau, Bunama, Kurada, Mwatebu 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.7. DOBU [5]: Sewa Bay, Dobu, Molima, Galeya, Bosilewa 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.8. GUMASI [1]: Gumasi 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.9. BWAIDOKA [6]: Yamalele, Fagululu, Kalokalo, Bwaidoka, Diodio, Iduna 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.10. KILIVILA [3]: Budibud, Muyuw, Kilivila 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2. CENTRAL PROVINCE [13]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.1. WESTERN [6]: Mekeo, Roro, Kuni, Nara, Gabadi, Doura 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2. EASTERN [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2.1. MOTU-SINAGORO [3]: Motu, Sinagoro, Keapara 3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2.2. MAGORI [4]: Ouma, Magori, Yoba, Bina 3.2.4.2.2.2.5. KIMBE [6]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.5.1. NAKANAI [2]: Melamela, Bileki 3.2.4.2.2.2.5.2. WILLAUMEZ [3]: Xarua, Bola, Bulu 3.2.4.2.2.2.5.3. BALI-VITU [1]: Vitu 3.2.4.2.2.2.6. NEW BRITAIN [16]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.0. [1]: Tumuip 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.1. ARAWE [3]: Arawe, Moewehafen, Gasmata 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2. LAMOGAI [6]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2.0. [3]: Longa, Idne, Mok 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2.1. RAUTO [3]: Lamogai, Pulie, Rauto 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.3. WHITEMAN [3]: Pasismanua, Kapore, Mangseng 3.2.4.2.2.2.6.4. MENGEN [3]: Uvol, Mamusi, Mengen 3.2.4.2.2.2.7. NEW IRELAND--TOLAI [21]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.7.1. PATPATAR-TOLAI [10]: Barok, Patpatar, Sursurunga, Tangga, Lihir, Konomala, Kandas, Siar, Tolai, Duke of York 3.2.4.2.2.2.7.2. NORTHERN NEW IRELAND [7]: Lavongai, Tigak, Kara, Tiang, Nalik, Notsi, Tabar 3.2.4.2.2.2.7.3. ST. MATTHIAS [2]: Mussau, Tenis 3.2.4.2.2.2.7.4. MADAK [2]: Lamusong, Madak 3.2.4.2.2.2.8. ADMIRALTY ISLANDS [23+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1. WESTERN [2+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1.1. WUVULU [1]: Wuvulu 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1.2. NINIGO [1+1]: Seimat, +Kaniet 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2. EASTERN [21]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1. MANUS [16]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.1. NORTHWEST ISLANDS [7]: Hermit, Sisi, Sori, Ponam, Andra, Leipon, Loniu 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.2. WEST [4]: Lindrou, Levei, Mondropolon, Likum 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.3. EAST [5]: Gele, Nali, Mokerang, Papitalai, Titan 3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.2. SOUTHEAST ISLANDS [5]: Baluan, Lenkau, Penchal, Nauna, Pak 3.2.4.2.2.2.9. BOUGAINVILLE [14]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1. NORTH AND EAST [12]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1. NORTH-NEHAN [9]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.1. NEHAN [1]: Nehan 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2. NORTH [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2.1. BUKA [3]: Halia, Solos, Petats 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2.2. SAPOSA-TINPUTS [4]: Saposa, Hahon, Tinputs, Teop 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.3. PAPAPANA [1]: Papapana 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.2. EAST [3]: Mono, Uruava, Torau 3.2.4.2.2.2.9.2. WEST [2]: Banoni, Piva 3.2.4.2.2.2.10. CHOISEUL [4]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.10.1. NORTHWEST [3]: Vaghua, Varisi, Ririo 3.2.4.2.2.2.10.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN [1]: Babatana 3.2.4.2.2.2.11. NEW GEORGIA [10]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.11.1. EAST [2]: Marovo, Vangunu 3.2.4.2.2.2.11.2. WEST [8]: Ghanongga, Lungga, Simbo, Nduke, Roviana, Ughele, Kusaghe, Hoava 3.2.4.2.2.2.12. SANTA ISABEL [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.12.1. WEST [2]: Kia, Laghu 3.2.4.2.2.2.12.2. CENTRAL [3]: Kokota, Zazao, Blablanga 3.2.4.2.2.2.12.3. EAST [2]: Maringe, Gao 3.2.4.2.2.2.13. SANTA CRUZ [6]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.13.1. UTUPUA [3]: Nembao, Asumboa, Tanimbili 3.2.4.2.2.2.13.2. VANIKORO [3]: Buma, Vano, Tanima 3.2.4.2.2.2.14. SOUTHERN NEW HEBRIDES [8]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.14.0. [1]: Aneityum 3.2.4.2.2.2.14.1. ERROMANGA [2]: Sie, Ura 3.2.4.2.2.2.14.2. TANNA [5]: Kwamera, Whitesands, North Tanna, Lenakel, Southwest Tanna 3.2.4.2.2.2.15. NEW CALEDONIA [24]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1. NORTHERN [13]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.1. FAR NORTH [4]: Yalayu, Kumak, Caac, Yuaga 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2. NORTH [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2.0. [3]: Pwapwa, Pwaamei, Hmwaveke 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2.1. NEMI [4]: Jawe, Nemi, Fwai, Pije 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.3. CENTRAL [2]: Cemuhi, Paici 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2. SOUTHERN [11]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1. SOUTH [9]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.1. GROUP I [5]: Arho, Arha, Ajie, Orowe, Neku 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.2. GROUP II [2]: Nere, Tiri 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.3. GROUP III [2]: Xaracuu, Xaragure 3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.2. FAR SOUTH [2]: Dubea, Numee 3.2.4.2.2.2.16. LOYALTY ISLANDS [3]: Iaai, Dehu, Nengone 3.2.4.2.2.2.17. REMOTE OCEANIC [156+3]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1. MICRONESIAN [9+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.0. [1]: Nauruan 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1. MICRONESIAN PROPER [8+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.0. [3]: Gilbertese, Marshallese, Kusaiean 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1. PONAPEIC-TRUKIC [5+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1.1. PONAPEIC [2]: Mokilese, Ponapean 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1.2. TRUKIC [3+1]: Trukese, Carolinian, Ulithian, +Mapia 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2. SOUTHEAST SOLOMONS [22]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1. GELA-GUADALCANAL [7]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.0. [1]: Bughotu 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.1. GELA [2]: Gela, Lengo 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.2. GUADALCANAL [4]: Ghari, Talise, Malango, Birao 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2. MALAITA--SAN CRISTOBAL [15]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1. MALAITA [11]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.0. [1]: Longgu 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Lau, To'abaita, Kwara'ae, Langalanga, Kwaio 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [5]: Dori'o, 'Are'are, Marau, Oroha, Sa'a 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.2. SAN CRISTOBAL [4]: Arosi, Fagani, Bauro, Kahua 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3. CENTRAL AND NORTHERN NEW HEBRIDES [94+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1. EAST SANTO [5]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1.1. NORTH [1]: Sakao 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1.2. SOUTH [4]: Lorediakarkar, Shark Bay, Butmas, Polonombauk 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2. MALEKULA INTERIOR [12]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.0. [1]: Labo 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.1. SMALL NAMBAS [4]: Letemboi, Repanbitip, Dixon Reef, Nasarian 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.2. MALEKULA CENTRAL [7]: Katbol, Lingarak, Vinmavis, Litzlitz, Larevat, Maragus, Big Nambas 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3. NORTHEAST NEW HEBRIDES-BANKS ISLANDS [77+1]: 3.2.4.2.17.3.3.1. EAST NEW HEBRIDES [29+1]: Hiw, Toga, Lehali, Lehalurup, Motlav, Mota, Vatrata, +Alo-Teqel, Mosina, Nume, Koro, Wetamut, Lokona, Merlav, Marino, Central Maewo, Baetora, Northeast Aoban, Nduindui, Raga, Apma, Sowa, Seke, Sa, North Ambrym, Lonwolwol, Dakaka, Port Vato, Southeast Ambrym, Paama 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.2. WEST SANTO [24]: Valpei, Nokuku, Vunapu, Piamatsina, Tolomako, Tasmate, Wusi, Akei, Malmariv, Navut, Lametin, Morouas, Roria, Fortsenal, Amblong, Wailapa, Tangoa, Araki, Narango, Tambotalo, Aore, Malo, Tutuba, Mafea 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.3. MALEKULA COASTAL [16]: Malua Bay, Vovo, Mpotovoro, Mae, Vao, Atchin, Uripiv, Unua, Rerep, Aulua, Burmbar, Port Sandwich, Maskelynes, Axamb, Malfaxal, Southwest Bay 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.4. EPI [5]: Lewo, Bierebo, Baki, Maii, Bieria 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.5. CENTRAL NEW HEBRIDES [3]: Namakura, North Efate, South Efate 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4. CENTRAL PACIFIC [31+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1. ROTUMAN-FIJIAN [3]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.0. [1]: Rotuman 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1. FIJIAN [2]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1.1. WEST [1]: Nadroga 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1.2. EAST [1]: Fijian 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2. POLYNESIAN [28+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.1. TONGIC [2]: Niuean, Tongan 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2. NUCLEAR POLYNESIAN [26+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1. SAMOIC OUTLIER [17]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.0. [7]: Samoan, Niuafo'ou, Tuvalu, East Uvea, Pukapuka, Rennellese, Pileni 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.1. SOUTHERN [5]: Tikopia, West Uvea, Emae, Mele, West Futuna 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.2. NORTHERN [3]: Sikaiana, Luangiua, Takuu 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.3. MICRONESIAN [2]: Kapingamarangi, Nukuoro 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2. EASTERN POLYNESIAN [9+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Rapanui (= Easter Island) 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL [8+1]: 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1.1. TAHITIC [5+1]: Tahitian, Tongareva, Rarotongan, Pa'umotu, Maori, +Moriori 3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1.2. MARQUESIC [3]: Mangareva, Marquesan, Hawaiian ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: AUSTRIC Up: INDEX Next: AUSTRALIAN INDO-PACIFIC [731+17] 1. +TASMANIAN [0+1]: +Tasmanian 2. ANDAMAN ISLANDS [4+9]: 2.1. GREAT ANDAMANESE [1+9]: 2.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+4]: +Aka-Cari, +Aka-Kora, +Aka-Bo, +Aka-Jeru 2.1.2. CENTRAL [1+5]: +Aka-Kede, +Aka-Kol, +Oko-Juwoi, A-Pucikwar, +Akar-Bale, +Aka-Bea 2.2. SOUTH ANDAMANESE [3]: Onge, Jarawa, Sentinel 3. TRANS--NEW GUINEA [505+3]: 3.0. [5]: Oksapmin, Morwap, Molof, Usku, Tofamna 3.1. MAIN SECTION [267+1]: 3.1.1. CENTRAL AND WESTERN [216]: 3.1.1.0. [2]: Dem, Mor<1> 3.1.1.1. FINISTERRE-HUON [67]: 3.1.1.1.1. HUON [22]: 3.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Kovai 3.1.1.1.1.1. EASTERN [8]: Kate, Mape, Dedua, Sene, Momare, Migabac, Kube, Kosorong 3.1.1.1.1.2. WESTERN [13]: Ono, Sialum, Nomu, Kinalakna, Kumokio, Selepet, Timbe, Komba, Tobo, Yaknge, Burum, Mesem, Nabak 3.1.1.1.2. FINISTERRE [45]: 3.1.1.1.2.0. [1]: Abaga 3.1.1.1.2.1. ERAP [11]: Nuk, Nek, Nakama, Munkip, Numanggang, Sauk, Gusan, Finungwa, Nimi, Urii, Mamaa 3.1.1.1.2.2. WANTOAT [4]: Irumu, Yagawak, Bam, Wantoat 3.1.1.1.2.3. GUSAP-MOT [7]: Ufim, Nahu, Rawa, Nekgini, Neko, Ngaing, Gira 3.1.1.1.2.4. WARUP [8]: Dahating, Bulgebi, Guiarak, Morafa, Forak, Degenan, Yagomi, Asat 3.1.1.1.2.5. YUPNA [9]: Mebu, Nankina, Gabutamon, Domung, Bonkiman, Wandabong, Nokopo, Kewieng, Isan 3.1.1.1.2.6. URUWA [5]: Som, Sakam, Yau, Komutu, Weleki 3.1.1.2. EAST NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS [38]: 3.1.1.2.0. [2]: Wiru, Kenati 3.1.1.2.1. KALAM [3]: 3.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Gants 3.1.1.2.1.1. KALAM-KOBON [2]: Kalam, Kobon 3.1.1.2.2. EASTERN [7]: 3.1.1.2.2.0. [1]: Owena 3.1.1.2.2.1. GADSUP-AUYANA-AWA [3]: Gadsup, Auyana, Awa 3.1.1.2.2.2. TAIRORA [3]: Tairora, Binumarien, Waffa 3.1.1.2.3. EAST-CENTRAL [8]: 3.1.1.2.3.0. [2]: Gende, Kamano 3.1.1.2.3.1. SIANE [2]: Siane, Yabiyufa 3.1.1.2.3.2. GAHUKU [2]: Gahuku, Benabena 3.1.1.2.3.3. FORE [2]: Fore, Gimi 3.1.1.2.4. CENTRAL [9]: 3.1.1.2.4.0. [1]: Medlpa 3.1.1.2.4.1. CHIMBU [3]: Chimbu, Chuave, Nomane 3.1.1.2.4.2. WAHGI [2]: Wahgi, Nii 3.1.1.2.4.3. JIMI [3]: Narak, Maring, Ganja 3.1.1.2.5. WEST-CENTRAL [9]: 3.1.1.2.5.0. [1]: Huli 3.1.1.2.5.1. ENGA [5]: Enga, Katinja, Nete, Lembena, Ipili 3.1.1.2.5.2. ANGAL-KEWA [3]: Angal, Kewa, Sau 3.1.1.3. CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA--KUTUBUAN [59]: 3.1.1.3.1. KUTUBUAN [5]: 3.1.1.3.1.1. EAST [2]: Foe, Fiwaga 3.1.1.3.1.2. WEST [3]: Fasu, Some, Namumi 3.1.1.3.2. CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA [54]: 3.1.1.3.2.0. [2]: Somahai, Kamula 3.1.1.3.2.1. ASMAT-KAMORO [8]: Iria, Asienara, Kamoro, Sempan, Central Asmat, Casuarina Coast Asmat, Citak Asmat, North Asmat 3.1.1.3.2.2. AWYU-DUMUT [14]: 3.1.1.3.2.2.0. [7]: Sawuy, Kotogut, Mapi, Ederah, Kia, Upper Digul, Upper Kaeme 3.1.1.3.2.2.1. AWYU [4]: Siagha, Pisa, Aghu, Airo 3.1.1.3.2.2.2. DUMUT [3]: Kaeti, Wambon, Wanggom 3.1.1.3.2.3. OK [13]: 3.1.1.3.2.3.1. LOWLAND [5]: Southern Kati, Northern Kati, Yonggom, Ninggirum, Iwur 3.1.1.3.2.3.2. MOUNTAIN [8]: Telefol, Tifal, Kauwol, Faiwol, Setaman, Bimin, Mianmin, Ngalum 3.1.1.3.2.4. AWIN-PA [2]: Awin, Pa 3.1.1.3.2.5. EAST STRICKLAND [3]: Nomad, Agala, Konai 3.1.1.3.2.6. BOSAVI [8]: Beami, Onabasulu, Kaluli, Kasua, Kware, Tomu, Bainapi, Sonia 3.1.1.3.2.7. DUNA-POGAYA [2]: Duna, Pogaya 3.1.1.3.2.8. MOMBUM [2]: Mombum, Koneraw 3.1.1.4. ANGAN [12]: 3.1.1.4.0. [1]: Angaataha 3.1.1.4.1. ANGAN PROPER [11]: Simbari, Baruya, Safeyoka, Kawatsa, Kamasa, Yagwoia, Ankave, Ivori, Lohiki, Menya, Hamtai 3.1.1.5. GOGODALA-SUKI [3]: 3.1.1.5.0. [1]: Suki 3.1.1.5.1. GOGODALA [2]: Gogodala, Waruna 3.1.1.6. MARIND [6]: 3.1.1.6.1. BOAZI [2]: Boazi, Zimakani 3.1.1.6.2. MARIND PROPER [2]: Marind, Bian Marind 3.1.1.6.3. YAQAY [2]: Yaqay, Warkay 3.1.1.7. KAYAGAR [3]: Kaugat, Kaygir, Tamagario 3.1.1.8. SENTANI [4]: 3.1.1.8.0. [1]: Demta 3.1.1.8.1. SENTANI PROPER [3]: Sentani, Nafri, Tanah Merah<2> 3.1.1.9. DANI-KWERBA [11]: 3.1.1.9.1. SOUTHERN [6]: 3.1.1.9.1.0. [1]: Wano 3.1.1.9.1.1. DANI [2]: Western Dani, Grand Valley Dani 3.1.1.9.1.2. NGALIK-NDUGA [3]: North Ngalik, South Ngalik, Nduga 3.1.1.9.2. NORTHERN [5]: 3.1.1.9.2.0. [2]: Saberi, Samarokena 3.1.1.9.2.1. KWERBA [3]: Kwerba, Airoran, Sasawa 3.1.1.10. WISSEL LAKES--KEMANDOGA [4]: 3.1.1.10.0. [1]: Uhunduni 3.1.1.10.1. EKAGI-WODANI-MONI [3]: Ekagi, Wodani, Moni 3.1.1.11. MAIRASI--TANAH MERAH [4]: 3.1.1.11.0. [1]: Tanah Merah<1> 3.1.1.11.1. MAIRASI [3]: Mairasi, Northeastern Mairasi, Semimi 3.1.1.12. WEST BOMBERAI [3]: 3.1.1.12.0. [1]: Karas 3.1.1.12.1. WEST BOMBERAI PROPER [2]: Iha, Baham 3.1.2. EASTERN [51+1]: 3.1.2.1. BINANDEREAN [16]: 3.1.2.1.0. [1]: Guhu-Semane 3.1.2.1.1. BINANDEREAN PROPER [15]: Suena, Yekora, Zia, Binandere, Ambasi, Aeka, Orokaiva, Hunjara, Notu, Yega, Gaina, Baruga, Mawae, Dogoro, Korafe 3.1.2.2. GOILALAN [5]: Biangai, Weri, Kunimaipa, Tauade, Fuyuge 3.1.2.3. KOIARIAN [6]: 3.1.2.3.1. KOIARIC [3]: Koita, Koiari, Mountain Koiari 3.1.2.3.2. BARAIC [3]: Managalasi, Barai, Ömie 3.1.2.4. KWALEAN [2+1]: Humene, Kwale, +Mulaha 3.1.2.5. MANUBARAN [2]: Doromu, Maria 3.1.2.6. YAREBAN [5]: Bariji, Yareba, Doriri, Sirio, Abia 3.1.2.7. MAILUAN [6]: Magi, Domu, Morawa, Binahari, Bauwaki, Laua 3.1.2.8. DAGAN [9]: Onjob, Maiwa, Jimajima, Daga, Mapena, Turaka, Gwedena, Ginuman, Sona 3.2. MADANG--ADELBERT RANGE [102]: 3.2.1. MADANG [58]: 3.2.1.1. RAI COAST [29]: 3.2.1.1.1. EVAPIA [5]: Sinsauru, Asas, Sausi, Kesawai, Dumpu 3.2.1.1.2. KABENAU [5]: Arawum, Kolom, Siroi, Lemio, Pulabu 3.2.1.1.3. YAGANON [4]: Yabong, Ganglau, Dumun, Saep 3.2.1.1.4. PEKA [4]: Usino, Sumau, Urigina, Danaru 3.2.1.1.5. NURU [7]: Usu, Erima, Duduela, Kwato, Rerau, Jilim, Yangulam 3.2.1.1.6. MINDJIM [4]: Bom, Male, Bongu, Songum 3.2.1.2. MABUSO [29]: 3.2.1.2.0. [1]: Kare 3.2.1.2.1. KOKON [3]: Girawa, Munit, Bemal 3.2.1.2.2. GUM [6]: Sihan, Gumalu, Isebe, Amele, Bau, Panim 3.2.1.2.3. HANSEMAN [19]: Rapting, Wamas, Samosa, Murupi, Saruga, Nake, Mosimo, Garus, Yoidik, Rempi, Bagupi, Silopi, Utu, Mawan, Baimak, Matepi, Gal, Garuh, Kamba 3.2.2. ADELBERT RANGE [4]: 3.2.2.1. PIHOM-ISUMRUD-MUGIL [28]: 3.2.2.1.0. [1]: Mugil 3.2.2.1.1. PIHOM [22]: 3.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Amaimon, Wasembo 3.2.2.1.1.1. KAUKOMBARAN [44]: Pay, Pila, Saki, Tani 3.2.2.1.1.2. KUMILAN [3]: Ulingan, Bepour, Moere 3.2.2.1.1.3. TIBORAN [5]: Kowaki, Mawak, Hinihon, Musar, Wanambre 3.2.2.1.1.4. OMOSAN [2]: Koguman, Abasakur 3.2.2.1.1.5. NUMAGENAN [6]: Wanuma, Yaben, Yarawata, Bilakura, Parawen, Ukuriguma 3.2.2.1.2. ISUMRUD [5]: 3.2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Dimir 3.2.2.1.2.1. KOWAN [2]: Korak, Waskia 3.2.2.1.2.2. MABUAN [2]: Malas, Bunabun 3.2.2.2. JOSEPHSTAAL-WANANG [12]: 3.2.2.2.1. JOSEPHSTAAL [7]: 3.2.2.2.1.0. [2]: Osum, Wadaginam 3.2.2.2.1.1. SIKAN [2]: Sileibi, Katiati 3.2.2.2.1.2. POMOIKAN [3]: Pondoma, Ikundun, Moresada 3.2.2.2.2. WANANG [5]: 3.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Paynamar 3.2.2.2.2.1. ATAN [2]: Atemple, Angaua 3.2.2.2.2.2. EMUAN [2]: Emerum, Musak 3.2.2.2.3. BRAHMAN [4]: Isabi, Biyom, Tauya, Faita 3.3. TEBERAN-PAWAIAN [3]: 3.3.0. [1]: Pawaian 3.3.1. TEBERAN [2]: Dadibi, Podopa 3.4. TURAMA-KIKORIAN [4]: 3.4.0. [1]: Kairi 3.4.1. TURAMA-OMATIAN [3]: Omati, Ikobi, Mena 3.5. INLAND GULF [3+2]: 3.5.0. [1]: Ipiko 3.5.1. MINANIBAI [2+2]: Minanibai, Tao, +Karami, +Mahigi 3.6. ELEMAN [7]: 3.6.0. [2]: Purari, Tate 3.6.1. EASTERN [2]: Toaripi, Uaripi 3.6.2. WESTERN [3]: Opao, Keuro, Orokolo 3.7. TRANS-FLY--BULAKA RIVER [28]: 3.7.1. BULAKA RIVER [2]: Yelmek, Maklew 3.7.2. TRANS-FLY [26]: 3.7.2.1. KIWAIAN [7]: Southern Kiwai, Wabuda, Bamu Kiwai, Morigi, Kerewo, Northeastern Kiwai, Arigibi 3.7.2.2. TIRIO [4]: Tirio, Aturu, Lewada, Mutum 3.7.2.3. EASTERN TRANS-FLY [4]: Bine, Gidra, Gizra, Meriam 3.7.2.4. PAHOTURI [3]: Agöb, Idi, Waia 3.7.2.5. MOREHEAD AND UPPER MARO RIVERS [8]: 3.7.2.5.0. [2]: Yey, Moraori 3.7.2.5.1. NAMBU [2]: Nambu, Dorro 3.7.2.5.2. TONDA [4]: Upper Morehead, Lower Morehead, Tonda, Kanum 3.8. MEK [9]: 3.8.1. WESTERN [6]: Kosarek, Nipsan, Nalca, Korapun, Goliath, Eipo 3.8.2. EASTERN [3]: Ketengban, Sirkai, Kinome 3.9. SENAGI [2]: Anggor, Dera 3.10. PAUWASI [4]: 3.10.1. EASTERN [2]: Yafi, Emumu 3.10.2. WESTERN [2]: Dubu, Towei 3.11. NORTHERN [32]: 3.11.1. BORDER [12]: 3.11.1.1. WARIS [7]: Waris, Manem, Senggi, Waina, Daonda, Simog, Amanab 3.11.1.2. TAIKAT [2]: Awyi, Taikat 3.11.1.3. BEWANI [3]: Pagi, Kilmeri, Ninggera 3.11.2. TOR--LAKE PLAIN [20]: 3.11.3.0. [3]: Turu, Mawes, Uria 3.11.3.1. CENTRAL LAKE PLAIN [7]: Baburiwa, Taogwe, Taori-Kei, Tori Aikwakai, Papasena, Weretai, Taori-So 3.11.3.2. EAST LAKE PLAIN [3]: Taworta, Dabra, Foau 3.11.3.3. TOR [7]: Berik, Bonerif, Mander, Itik, Kwesten, Maremgi, Wares 3.12. NIMBORAN [3]: Mekwei, Kemtuk, Nimboran 3.13. KAURE [5]: 3.13.0. [2]: Sause, Kapori 3.13.1. KAURE PROPER [3]: Kaure, Narau, Kosare 3.14. SOUTH BIRD'S HEAD [10]: 3.14.1. SOUTH BIRD'S HEAD PROPER [6]: Barau, Arandai, Tarof, Kasuweri, Puragi, Kampong Baru 3.14.2. INANWATAN [2]: Inanwatan, Duriankere 3.14.3. KONDA-YAHADIAN [2]: Konda, Yahadian 3.15. KOLOPOM [3]: Kimaghana, Riantana, Ndom 3.16. TIMOR-ALOR-PANTAR [18]: 3.16.0. [7]: Oirata, Lovaea, Fataluku, Kairui, Bunak, Kolana, Tanglapui 3.16.1. ALOR-PANTAR [11]: 3.16.1.0. [1]: Makasai 3.16.1.1. ALOR [6]: Kui, Woisika, Abui, Kelon, Kafoa, Kabola 3.16.1.2. PANTAR [4]: Blagar, Tewa, Nedebang, Lamma 4. WEST PAPUAN [24]: 4.0. [1]: Amberbaken 4.1. BIRD'S HEAD [10]: 4.1.1. NORTH-CENTRAL [4]: 4.1.1.1. NORTH [2]: Karon Pantai, Madik 4.1.1.2. CENTRAL [2]: Karon Dori, Brat 4.1.2. WEST [6]: Kuwani, Tehit, Kalabra, Seget, Moi, Moraid 4.2. BORAI-HATTAM [2]: Borai, Hattam 4.3. NORTHERN HALMAHERA [11]: 4.3.1. SOUTH [2]: Ternate, Tidore 4.3.2. NORTH [9]: Galela, Tobelo, Loda, Ibu, Sahu, Modole, Tabaru, Pagu, West Makian 5. EAST BIRD'S HEAD [3]: 5.0. [1]: Mantion 5.1. MEAX [2]: Meax, Meningo 6. GEELVINK BAY [5]: 6.0. [1]: Yava 6.1. EAST GEELVINK BAY [4]: Turunggare, Baropasi, Bauzi, Bapu 7. SKO [8]: 7.1. VANIMO [4]: Sko, Sangke, Wutung, Vanimo 7.2. KRISA [4]: Krisa, Rawo, Puari, Warapu 8. KWOMTARI-BAIBAI [5]: 8.0. [1]: Pyu 8.1. KWOMTARI [2]: Kwomtari, Fas 8.2. BAIBAI [2]: Baibai, Biaka 9. ARAI [6]: Rocky Peak, Iteri, Bo, Ama, Nimo, Owiniga 10. AMTO-MUSIAN [2]: Amto, Musian 11. TORRICELLI [48]: 11.0. [1]: Urim 11.1. WEST WAPEI [3]: One, Seta, Seti 11.2. WAPEI-PALEI [20]: 11.2.0. [1]: Urat 11.2.1. WAPEI [12]: Yis, Yau, Olo, Elkei, Au, Yil, Alu, Ningil, Gnau, Galu, Yapunda, Valman 11.2.2. PALEI [7]: Nambi, Agi, Aruop, Kayik, Aiku, Bragat, Aru 11.3. MAIMAI [6]: 11.3.0. [3]: Laeko, Beli, Wiaki 11.3.1. MAIMAI PROPER [3]: Siliput, Yahang, Heyo 11.4. KOMBIO-ARAPESH [9]: 11.4.1. KOMBIO [6]: Eitiep, Lou, Kombio, Yambes, Aruek, Wom 11.4.2. ARAPESH [3]: Mountain Arapesh, Southern Arapesh, Bumbita 11.5. MARIENBERG [7]: Bungain, Mandi, Muniwara, Urimo, Kamasau, Elepi, Buna 11.6. MONUMBO [2]: Monumbo, Lilau 12. SEPIK-RAMU [98]: 12.0. [1]: Gapun 12.1. SEPIK [43]: 12.1.0. [1]: Biksi 12.1.1. UPPER SEPIK [5]: 12.1.1.0. [1]: Abau 12.1.1.1. IWAM [2]: Iwam, Amal 12.1.1.2. WOGAMUSIN [2]: Wogamusin, Chenapian 12.1.2. RAM [3]: Karawa, Bouye, Autu 12.1.3. TAMA [5]: Kalou, Pasi, Pahi, Mehek, Mayo 12.1.4. YELLOW RIVER [3]: Namie, Ak, Awun 12.1.5. MIDDLE SEPIK [11]: 12.1.5.0. [1]: Yerakai 12.1.5.1. NUKUMA [2]: Kwoma, Kwanga 12.1.5.2. NDU [8]: Ngala, Manambu, Kaunga, Abelam, Boiken, Sawos, Iatmul, Kwasengen 12.1.6. SEPIK HILL [15]: 12.1.6.1. SANIO [6]: Sanio, Paka, Gabiano, Piame, Bikaru, Hewa 12.1.6.2. BAHINEMO [7]: Bitara, Bahinemo, Mari, Bisis, Watakataui, Kapriman, Sumariup 12.1.6.3. ALAMBLAK [2]: Kaningara, Alamblak 12.2. LEONARD SCHULTZE [6]: 12.2.1. WALIO [4]: Walio, Pai, Yabio, Tuwari 12.2.2. PAPI [2]: Papi, Duranmin 12.3. NOR-PONDO [6]: 12.3.1. NOR [2]: Murik, Kopar 12.3.2. PONDO [4]: Chambri, Yimas, Karawari, Angoram 12.4. RAMU [42]: 12.4.1. YUAT-WAIBUK [13]: 12.4.1.1. MONGOL-LANGAM [3]: Langam, Mongol, Yaul 12.4.1.2. YUAT-MARAMBA [6]: 12.4.1.2.0. [1]: Maramba 12.4.1.2.1. YUAT [5]: Changriwa, Mekmek, Miyak, Biwat, Bun 12.4.1.3. WAIBUK [4]: Waibuk, Aramo, Pinai, Wapi 12.4.2. RAMU PROPER [29]: 12.4.2.1. GRASS [5]: 12.4.2.1.0. [1]: Banaro 12.4.2.1.1. GRASS PROPER [4]: Kambot, Aion, Adjora, Gorovu 12.4.2.2. ARAFUNDI [2]: Alfendio, Meakambut 12.4.2.3. ANNABERG [3]: 12.4.2.3.0. [1]: Rao 12.4.2.3.1. AIAN [2]: Anor, Aiome 12.4.2.4. RUBONI [8]: 12.4.2.4.1. OTTILIEN [5]: Watam, Gamei, Kaian, Bosman, Awar 12.4.2.4.2. MISEGIAN [3]: Giri, Sepen, Mikarew 12.4.2.5. GOAM [11]: 12.4.2.5.1. ATAITAN [4]: Andarum, Igom, Tangu, Tanguat 12.4.2.5.2. TAMOLAN [7]: Romkun, Breri, Kominimung, Igana, Akrukay, Itutang, Midsivindi 13. EAST PAPUAN [23+4]: 13.1. YELE-SOLOMONS--NEW BRITAIN [12+4]: 13.1.1. YELE-SOLOMONS [5+3]: 13.1.1.0. [1]: Yele 13.1.1.1. +KAZUKURU [0+3]: +Kazukuru, +Guliguli, +Dororo 13.1.1.2. CENTRAL SOLOMONS [4]: Bilua, Baniata, Lavukaleve, Savosavo 13.1.2. NEW BRITAIN [7+1]: 13.1.2.0. [5]: Sulka, Kol, Wasi, Anem, Panaras 13.1.2.1. BAINING-TAULIL [2+1]: Baining, Taulil, +Butam 13.2. BOUGAINVILLE [8]: 13.2.1. EAST [4]: 13.2.1.1. NASIOI [2]: Nasioi, Nagovisi 13.2.1.2. BUIN [2]: Buin, Siwai 13.2.2. WEST [4]: 13.2.2.0. [2]: Konua, Keriaka 13.2.2.1. ROTOKAS [2]: Rotokas, Eivo 13.3. REEF ISLANDS--SANTA CRUZ [3]: 13.3.0. [1]: Aiwo 13.3.1. SANTA CRUZ [2]: Santa Cruz, Nanggu ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: INDO-PACIFIC Up: INDEX Next: NA-DENE AUSTRALIAN [170+92] 0. [14+1]: Enindhilyagwa, Ndjébbana, Yanyuwa, Gagudju, Kungarakany, Mangarayi, +Mingin, Nakkara, Nunggubuyu, Tiwi, Waray, Limilngan, Umbugarla, Gunbudj, Murrinh-Patha 1. YIWAIDJAN [4]: 1.0. [2]: Margu, Amurag 1.1. YIWAIDJIC [2]: Iwaidja, Maung 2. MANGERRIAN [1]: Mangerr 3. GUNWINYGUAN [9+2]: 3.0. [3+1]: Jawony, Rembarrnga, +Ngandi, Ngalakan 3.1. GUNWINYGIC [3]: Warlang, Gunwinygu, Ngalkbon 3.2. YANGMANIC [3+1]: 3.2.0. [2]: Wagiman, Wardaman 3.2.1. NOLGIN [1+1]: +Dagoman, Yangman 4. BURARRAN [2]: Guragone, Burarra 5. MARAN [2+1]: 5.0. [1]: Alawa 5.1. MARIC [1+1]: +Warndarang, Mara 6. WEST BARKLY [3]: 6.0. [1]: Djingili 6.1. WAMBAYAN [2]: Ngarndji, Wambaya 7. GARAWAN [2]: Garawa, Waanyi 8. LARAGIYAN [2]: Laragiya, Wulna 9. DALY [9]: 9.1. MOIL [1]: Ngenkikurrunggur 9.2. BRINKEN-WAGAYDY [5]: 9.2.1. BRINKEN [3]: Marithiyel, Marimanindji, Maringarr 9.2.2. WAGAYDY [2]: Wadjiginy, Maranungku 9.3. MALAKMALAK [3]: 9.3.1. DALY [1]: Madngele 9.3.2. MALAKMALAK PROPER [2]: Dyeraidy, Malakmalak 10. DJAMINDJUNGAN [3]: Djamindjung, Nungali, Ngaliwuru 11. DJERAGAN [3]: 11.1. MIRIWUNGIC [2]: Gadjerawang, Miriwung 11.2. KITJIC [1]: Kitja 12. BUNABAN [2]: Bunaba, Guniyan 13. NYULNYULAN [2+2]: Nyulnyul, +Yawuru, +Warwa, Nyigina 14. WORORAN [3]: Wunambal, Ungarinjin, Worora 15. PAMA-NYUNGAN [109+86]: 15.0. [5+4]: +Muk Thang, +Dhuduroa, Kala Lagaw Ya (= Mabuiag), +Muruwari, Warumungu, Flinders Island, Barrow Point, Bandjalang, +Pallangahmiddang 15.1. YUULNGU [7]: Djinang, Dhangu, Dhuwal, Djinba, Ritharngu, Dhay'yi, Yan-nhangu 15.2. TANGIC [2]: Lardil, Gayardilt 15.3. PAMAN [25+20]: 15.3.1. NORTHERN [3+9]: +Gudang, Atampaya, +Wudhadhi, Tjungundji, +Mpalityanh, +Yupngayth, +Linngithigh, +Ngkoth, +Yinwum, +Aritinngithigh, Awngthim, +Mbiywom 15.3.2. MIDDLE [7]: Wik-Me'anha, Wik-Ngathana, Wik-Mungkan, Wik-Iiyanh, Kugu-Muminh, Pakanha, Ayabadhu 15.3.3. WESTERN [2]: Thaayorre, Yir Yoront 15.3.4. NORTH-EASTERN [2]: Kaantyu, Umpila 15.3.5. LAMALAMIC [4+1]: Umbindhamu, Umbuygamu, Mbariman-Gudhinma, Lama-Lama, +Guru Warra 15.3.6. COASTAL [1+1]: Koko Pera, +Gog Nar 15.3.7. CENTRAL [4+2]: Thaypan, Aghu-Tharnggala, +Gogo Mini, +Dagalag, Kawarrangg, Oykangand 15.3.8. NORMAN [1+2]: Kurtjar, +Kuthant, +Walangama 15.3.9. FLINDERS [1]: Gugadj 15.3.10. +SOUTHERN [0+3]: +Agwamin, +Mbabaram, +Mbara 15.3.11. +MAYABIC [0+2]: +Mayi-Kutuna, +Mayi-Kulan 15.4. YALANJIC [2]: Guugu Yimidhirr, Gugu Yalandyi 15.5. YIDINYIC [2]: Dyaabugay, Yidiny 15.6. DYIRBALIC [2]: Dyirbal, Warrgamay 15.7. NYAWAYGIC [1+1]: Nyawaygi, +Wulguru 15.8. MARIC [5+13]: 15.8.0. [0+3]: +Guwa, +Yanda, +Yiranhali 15.8.1. KAPU [2]: Gunggari, Birria 15.8.2. MARI [3+10]: Gugu Badhun, +Gudjala, +Yilba, +Biri, +Giya, +Yiningay, +Wadjalang, +Gayiri, +Gangulu, +Bidyara, +Yiman, Margany, Guwamu 15.9. WAKA-KABIC [1+7]: 15.9.1. +KINGKEL [0+2]: +Darambal, +Bayali 15.9.2. +THAN [0+2]: +Gureng Gureng, +Gabi 15.9.3. MIYAN [1+3]: +Wuliwuli, Waga, +Barunggam, +Muringam 15.10. +DURUBALIC [0+2]: +Turrubal, +Gowar 15.11. GUMBAYNGGIRIC [1+1]: Gumbaynggir, +Yaygir 15.12. YUIN-KURIC [1+12]: 15.12.1. KURI [1+4]: +Yugambal, +Nganyaywana, Dyangadi, +Gadang, +Awabakal 15.12.2. +YUIN [0+6]: +Gudungura, +Ngarigu, +Thawa, +Dyirringany, +Dhurga, +Dharawal 15.12.3. +IYORA [0+2]: +Darkinyung, +Dharuk 15.13. WIRADHURIC [2+1]: +Gamilaraay, Ngiyambaa, Wiradhuri 15.14. BAAGANDJI [1]: Baagandji 15.15. +YOTAYOTIC [0+2]: +Yotayota, +Yabula-Yabula 15.16. +KULINIC [0+7]: 15.16.1. +KULIN [0+5]: +Wemba Wemba, +Nari Nari, +Wathawurung, +Kolakngat, +Wuywurrung 15.16.2. +BUNGANDIDJ [0+2]: +Bungandidj, +Kuurn Kopan Noot 15.17. +NGARINYERIC-YITHAYITHIC [0+5]: +Ngarinyeri, +Ngayawung, +Yuyu, +Keramin, +Yitha-Yitha 15.18. KARNIC [14]: 15.18.1. PALKU [2]: Lhanima, Pitta-Pitta 15.18.2. ARABANA [1]: Arabana 15.18.3. KARNA [6]: Midhaga, Garuwali, Yarluyandi, Ngamini, Yandruwandha, Diyari 15.18.4. NGURA [3]: Wangkumara, Badjiri, Bidjara 15.18.5. YARLI [2]: Malyangaba, Yardliwarra 15.19. WAGAYA-WARLUWARIC [3]: 15.19.1. WAGAYA [1]: Wagaya 15.19.2. WARLUWARIC [2]: Yindjilandji, Warluwara 15.20. KALKATUNGIC [1+1]: Kalkatungu, +Yalarnnga 15.21. ARANDIC [3+1]: 15.21.1. ARTUYA [1]: Kaititj 15.21.2. URTWA [2+1]: Alyawarra, Aranda, +Lower Aranda 15.22. SOUTH-WEST [31+9]: 15.22.1. NGUMBIN [5]: Walmajarri, Djaru, Gurindji, Mudburra, Ngarinman 15.22.2. MARNGU [3]: Garadyari, Mangarla, Nyangumarta 15.22.3. NGAYARDA [8+1]: Ngarla, Nyamal, Nyiyabali, +Tjurruru, Kariyarra, Martuyhunira, Nhuwala, Yindjibarndi, Binigura 15.22.4. MANTHARDA [3]: Wariyangga, Djwarli, Thargari 15.22.5. KANYARA [2]: Dhalandji, Bayungu 15.22.6. +KARDU [0+4]: +Yinggarda, +Maya, +Malgana, +Nhanda 15.22.7. WADJARI [3]: Wadjari, Wirdimay, Karlamay 15.22.8. WATI [2+1]: +Wirangu, Warnman, Western Desert Language 15.22.9. NGARGA [3]: Warlmanpa, Warlpiri, Ngardi 15.22.10. +NYUNGAR [0+1]: +Nyungar 15.22.11. NGADJUNMAYA [1]: Ngadjunmaya 15.22.12. YURA [1+2]: Adynyamathanha, +Banggarla, +Kaurna ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: AUSTRALIAN Up: INDEX Next: AMERIND NA-DENE [34+7] 1. HAIDA [1]: Haida 2. CONTINENTAL NA-DENE [33+8]: 2.1. TLINGIT [1]: Tlingit 2.2. ATHABASKAN-EYAK [32+8]: 2.2.1. EYAK [1]: Eyak 2.2.2. ATHABASKAN [31+7]: 2.2.2.1. TANAINA-AHTNA [2]: Tanaina, Ahtna 2.2.2.2. INGALIK-KOYUKON [3]: 2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Ingalik 2.2.2.2.1. KOYUKON-HOLIKACHUK [2]: Holikachuk, Koyukon 2.2.2.3. TANANA-UPPER KUSKOKWIM [4]: 2.2.2.3.1. TANANA [3]: Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Tanana 2.2.2.3.2. UPPER KUSKOKWIM [1]: Upper Kuskokwim 2.2.2.4. TUTCHONE [2]: Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone 2.2.2.5. TAHLTAN-KASKA [2]: Tahltan, Kaska 2.2.2.6. +TSETSAUT [0+1]: +Tsetsaut 2.2.2.7. PACIFIC COAST [2+4]: 2.2.2.7.1. OREGON [1+2]: 2.2.2.7.1.1. +UMPQUA [0+1]: +Umpqua 2.2.2.7.1.2. TOLOWA-GALICE [1+1]: Tolowa, +Galice 2.2.2.7.2. CALIFORNIA [1+2]: 2.2.2.7.2.1. HUPA [1]: Hupa 2.2.2.7.2.2. +MATTOLE-WAILAKI [0+2]: +Mattole, +Wailaki 2.2.2.8. CANADIAN [12+2]: 2.2.2.8.1. HAN-KUTCHIN [2]: Han, Kutchin 2.2.2.8.2. HARE-CHIPEWYAN [4]: 2.2.2.8.2.1. HARE-SLAVE [3]: Hare, Dogrib, Slave 2.2.2.8.2.2. CHIPEWYAN [1]: Chipewyan 2.2.2.8.3. BEAVER-SEKANI [2]: Beaver, Sekani 2.2.2.8.4. CARRIER-CHILCOTIN [3+1]: 2.2.2.8.4.1. CHILCOTIN [1+1]: Chilcotin, +Nicola 2.2.2.8.4.2. BABINE-CARRIER [2]: Babine, Carrier 2.2.2.8.5. +KWALHIOQUA [0+1]: +Kwalhioqua 2.2.2.8.6. SARCEE [1]: Sarcee 2.2.2.9. APACHEAN [4]: 2.2.2.9.0. [1]: Kiowa Apache 2.2.2.9.1. NAVAJO-APACHE [2]: 2.2.2.9.1.0. [1]: Eastern Apache 2.2.2.9.2.1. WESTERN APACHE-NAVAJO [2]: Western Apache, Navajo ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: NA-DENE Up: INDEX Next: OTHER AMERIND [583+271] 1. NORTHERN AMERIND [164+68]: 1.1. ALMOSAN-KERESIOUAN [68+29]: 1.1.1. ALMOSAN [44+18]: 1.1.1.1. KUTENAI [1]: Kutenai 1.1.1.2. ALGIC [16+14]: 1.1.1.2.1. RITWAN [1+1]: +Wiyot, Yurok 1.1.1.2.2. ALGONQUIAN [15+13]: 1.1.1.2.2.0. [0+1]: +Beothuk 1.1.1.2.2.1. BLACKFOOT [1]: Blackfoot 1.1.1.2.2.2. ALGONQUIAN PROPER [14+12]: 1.1.1.2.2.2.0. [8+1]: Cheyenne, Arapaho, Cree, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Menominee, Fox, +Illinois, Shawnee 1.1.1.2.2.2.1. EASTERN [6+11]: Micmac, Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, Western Abenaki, +Loup A, +Loup B, +Massachusett, +Narragansett, +Mohegan, +Quiripi, +Unquachog, +Mahican, Munsee, Unami, +Nanticoke, +Powhatan, +Carolina 1.1.1.3. MOSAN [27+4]: 1.1.1.3.1. CHIMAKUAN [1+1]: +Chemakum, Quileute 1.1.1.3.2. WAKASHAN [6]: 1.1.1.3.2.1. NORTHERN [3]: Heiltsuk, Haisla, Kwakwala (= Kwakiutl) 1.1.1.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [3]: Makah, Nitinat, Nootka 1.1.1.3.3. SALISH [20+3]: 1.1.1.3.3.1. BELLA COOLA [1]: Bella Coola 1.1.1.3.3.2. SALISH PROPER [19+3]: 1.1.1.3.3.2.1. COAST [8+3]: 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1. CENTRAL [8+2]: 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.1. NORTHERN [2+1]: Comox, +Pentlatch, Seshelt 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.2. SQUAMISH [1]: Squamish 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.3. +NOOKSACK [0+1]: +Nooksack 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.4. HALKOMELEM [1]: Halkomelem 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.5. STRAITS [2]: Clallam, Northern Straits 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.6. LUSHOOTSEED-TWANA [2]: Lushootseed, Twana 1.1.1.3.3.2.1.2. +TILLAMOOK [0+1]: +Tillamook 1.1.1.3.3.2.2. TSAMOSAN [4]: 1.1.1.3.3.2.2.1. INLAND [2]: Upper Chehalis, Cowlitz 1.1.1.3.3.2.2.2. MARITIME [2]: Quinault, Lower Chehalis 1.1.1.3.3.2.3. INTERIOR [7]: 1.1.1.3.3.2.3.1. NORTHERN [3]: Lillooet, Thompson, Shuswap 1.1.1.3.3.2.3.2. SOUTHERN [4]: Columbian, Okanagan, Kalispel, Coeur d'Alene 1.1.2. KERESIOUAN [24+11]: 1.1.2.1. KERESAN [2]: Eastern Keres, Western Keres 1.1.2.2. SIOUAN-YUCHI [11+5]: 1.1.2.2.1. YUCHI [1]: Yuchi 1.1.2.2.2. SIOUAN [10+5]: 1.1.2.2.2.1. CATAWBA [1+1]: Catawba, +Woccon 1.1.2.2.2.2. SIOUAN PROPER [9+4]: 1.1.2.2.2.2.1. MANDAN [1]: Mandan 1.1.2.2.2.2.2. NORTHERN PLAINS [2]: Crow, Hidatsa 1.1.2.2.2.2.3. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY [6+1]: 1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1. DAKOTA [1]: Dakota 1.1.2.2.2.2.3.2. DHEGIHA [3+1]: Omaha, Osage, +Quapaw, Kansa 1.1.2.2.2.2.3.3. CHIWERE-WINNEBAGO [2]: Chiwere, Winnebago 1.1.2.2.2.2.4. +SOUTHEAST [0+3]: 1.1.2.2.2.2.4.1. +EAST [0+1]: +Tutelo 1.1.2.2.2.2.4.2. +SOUTH [0+2]: +Biloxi, +Ofo 1.1.2.3. CADDOAN [4+2]: 1.1.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Adai 1.1.2.3.1. SOUTHERN [1]: Caddo 1.1.2.3.2. NORTHERN [3+1]: 1.1.2.3.2.1. WICHITA [1]: Wichita 1.1.2.3.2.2. PAWNEE-KITSAI [2+1]: 1.1.2.3.2.2.1. +KITSAI [0+1]: +Kitsai 1.1.2.3.2.2.2. PAWNEE [2]: Pawnee, Arikara 1.1.2.4. IROQUOIAN [7+4]: 1.1.2.4.1. NORTHERN [6+4]: 1.1.2.4.1.0. [0+2]: +Laurentian, +Huron 1.1.2.4.1.1. FIVE NATIONS [5+1]: 1.1.2.4.1.1.0. [0+1]: +Susquehannock 1.1.2.4.1.1.1. MOHAWK-ONEIDA [2]: Mohawk, Oneida 1.1.2.4.1.1.2. SENECA-ONONDAGA [3]: 1.1.2.4.1.1.2.1. ONONDAGA [1]: Onondaga 1.1.2.4.1.1.2.2. SENECA-CAYUGA [2]: Seneca, Cayuga 1.1.2.4.1.2. TUSCARORA [1+1]: Tuscarora, +Nottoway 1.1.2.4.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Cherokee 1.2. PENUTIAN [68+24]: 1.2.1. CANADIAN [1]: Tsimshian 1.2.2. WASHINGTON [1+1]: +Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook 1.2.3. OREGON [3+4]: 1.2.3.1. TAKELMAN [1+3]: 1.2.3.1.1. +TAKELMA [0+1]: +Takelma 1.2.3.1.2. KALAPUYA [1+2]: Santiam, +Tfalati, +Yonkalla 1.2.3.2. COAST [2+1]: 1.2.3.2.1. COOS [1]: Coos 1.2.3.2.2. YAKONAN [1+1]: +Alsea, Siuslaw 1.2.4. PLATEAU [3+2]: 1.2.4.1. KLAMATH [1]: Klamath 1.2.4.2. SAHAPTIN-NEZ PERCE [2]: Sahaptin, Nez Perce 1.2.4.3. +MOLALE-CAYUSE [0+2]: +Molale, +Cayuse 1.2.5. CALIFORNIA [13+10]: 1.2.5.1. WINTUN [3]: Nomlaki, Patwin, Wintun 1.2.5.2. MAIDUAN [3]: Mountain Maidu, Northwest Maidu, Southern Maidu 1.2.5.3. YOKUTS [1+2]: Foothill North Yokuts, +Foothill South Yokuts, +Valley Yokuts 1.2.5.4. MIWOK-COSTANOAN [6+8]: 1.2.5.4.1. +COSTANOAN [0+8]: 1.2.5.4.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+4]: +Ohlone, +San Jose, +San Francisco, +Santa Cruz 1.2.5.4.1.2. +SOUTHERN [0+4]: +Rumsen, +Mutsun, +Soledad, +Monterey 1.2.5.4.2. MIWOK [6]: 1.2.5.4.2.1. WESTERN [2]: Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok 1.2.5.4.2.2. EASTERN [4]: Central Sierra Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Plains Miwok 1.2.6. NEW MEXICO [1]: Zuni 1.2.7. GULF [7+5]: 1.2.7.1. +TUNICA-CHITIMACHA [0+3]: 1.2.7.1.1. +CHITIMACHA [0+1]: +Chitimacha 1.2.7.1.2. +TUNICA-ATAKAPA [0+2]: +Tunica, +Atakapa 1.2.7.2. YUKI-WAPPO [2]: Yuki, Wappo 1.2.7.3. NATCHEZ-MUSKOGEAN [5+2]: 1.2.7.3.1. +NATCHEZ [0+1]: +Natchez 1.2.7.3.2. MUSKOGEAN [5+1]: 1.2.7.3.2.1. WESTERN [1]: Choctaw 1.2.7.3.2.2. EASTERN [4+1]: 1.2.7.3.2.2.0. [2+1]: Mikasuki, Muskogee (= Creek), +Apalachee 1.2.7.3.2.2.1. ALABAMA-KOASATI [2]: Alabama, Koasati 1.2.8. MEXICAN [39+2]: 1.2.8.1. HUAVE [1]: Huave 1.2.8.2. TOTONACAN [2]: Totonac, Tepehua 1.2.8.3. MIXE-ZOQUE [6]: Mixe, Oluta, Sayula, Sierra Popoluca, Texixtepec, Zoque 1.2.8.4. MAYAN [30+2]: 1.2.8.4.1. HUASTECAN [1+1]: Huastec, +Chicomuceltec 1.2.8.4.2. YUCATECAN [4]: Yucatec, Itza, Lacandon, Mopan 1.2.8.4.3. GREATER TZELTALAN [5+1]: 1.2.8.4.3.1. CHOLAN [3+1]: Chol, Chontal, +Cholti, Chorti 1.2.8.4.3.2. TZELTALAN [2]: Tzeltal, Tzotzil 1.2.8.4.4. GREATER KANJOBALAN [6]: 1.2.8.4.4.1. CHUJEAN [2]: Tojolabal, Chuj 1.2.8.4.4.2. KANJOBALAN [4]: 1.2.8.4.4.2.0. [1]: Mocho 1.2.8.4.4.2.1. KANJOBAL-JACALTEC [3]: Kanjobal, Acatec, Jacaltec 1.2.8.4.5. EASTERN [14]: 1.2.8.4.5.1. GREATER MAMEAN [4]: 1.2.8.4.5.1.1. MAMEAN [2]: Teco, Mam 1.2.8.4.5.1.2. IXILAN [2]: Aguacatec, Ixil 1.2.8.4.5.2. GREATER QUICHEAN [10]: 1.2.8.4.5.2.0. [2]: Uspantec, Kekchi 1.2.8.4.5.2.1. QUICHEAN [6]: Quiche, Achi, Sacapultec, Sipacapa, Tzutujil, Cakchiquel 1.2.8.4.5.2.2. POCOM [2]: Pocomam, Pocomchi 1.3. HOKAN [28+15]: 1.3.1. NORTHERN [11+3]: 1.3.1.0. [2+1]: Karok, Shasta, +Chimariko 1.3.1.1. PALAIHNIHAN [2]: Achumawi, Atsugewi 1.3.1.2. +YANAN [0+2]: +Yana, +Yahi 1.3.1.3. POMO [7]: 1.3.1.3.0. [1]: Southeastern Pomo 1.3.1.3.1. RUSSIAN RIVER AND EASTERN [6]: 1.3.1.3.1.0. [1]: Eastern Pomo 1.3.1.3.1.1. RUSSIAN RIVER [5]: 1.3.1.3.1.1.0. [2]: Northeastern Pomo, Northern Pomo 1.3.1.3.1.1.1. SOUTHERN [3]: Southern Pomo, Central Pomo, Kashaya 1.3.2. WASHO [1]: Washo 1.3.3. +SALINAN-CHUMASH [0+3]: +Salinan, +Chumash, +Esselen 1.3.4. SERI-YUMAN [11]: 1.3.4.1. SERI [1]: Seri 1.3.4.2. YUMAN [10]: 1.3.4.2.1. KILIWA [1]: Kiliwa 1.3.4.2.2. DELTA-CALIFORNIA [2]: Cocopa, Diegueño 1.3.4.2.3. RIVER [3]: Mohave, Yuma, Maricopa 1.3.4.2.4. PAI [4]: 1.3.4.2.4.1. PAIPAI [1]: Paipai 1.3.4.2.4.2. UPLAND YUMAN [3]: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapaio 1.3.5. +WAICURI-QUINIGUA [0+3]: +Waicuri, +Maratino, +Quinigua 1.3.6. COAHUILTECAN [1+4]: 1.3.6.0. [1+1]: Tonkawa, +Karankawa 1.3.6.1. +COAHUILTECAN PROPER [0+3]: +Coahuiltec, +Cotoname, +Comecrudo 1.3.7. TEQUISTLATECAN [2]: Tlamelula, Tequistlatec 1.3.8. SOUTHERN [2+2]: 1.3.8.0. [1+1]: Jicaque, +Yurimangui 1.3.8.1. TLAPANECAN [1+1]: Tlapanec, +Subtiaba 2. CENTRAL AMERIND [49+11]: 2.1. TANOAN [7+1]: 2.1.1. KIOWA-TOWA [2]: Kiowa, Towa 2.1.2. TEWA-TIWA [5+1]: 2.1.2.1.TEWA [1]: Tewa 2.1.2.2. TIWA-PIRO [4+1]: 2.1.2.2.1. +PIRO [0+1]: +Piro 2.1.2.2.2. TIWA [4]: 2.1.2.2.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Taos, Picuris 2.1.2.2.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Isleta, Sandia 2.2. UTO-AZTECAN [25+8]: 2.2.1. NUMIC [8]: 2.2.1.1. WESTERN [2]: Northern Paiute, Mono 2.2.1.2. CENTRAL [3]: Koso, Shoshone, Comanche 2.2.1.3. SOUTHERN [3]: Kawaiisu, Southern Paiute, Chemehuevi 2.2.2. TÜBATALABAL [1]: Tübatalabal 2.2.3. TAKIC [4+2]: 2.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Gabrielino 2.2.3.1. SERRAN [1+1]: +Kitanemuk, Serrano 2.2.3.2. CUPAN [3]: 2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Luiseño 2.2.3.2.1. CAHUILLA-CUPEÑO [2]: Cahuilla, Cupeño 2.2.4. HOPI [1]: Hopi 2.2.5. PIMIC [4+1]: 2.2.5.1. PIMAN [2+1]: Pima, Pima Bajo, +Tepecano 2.2.5.2. TEPEHUAN [2]: Northern Tepehuan, Southern Tepehuan 2.2.6. TARACAHITIC [3+3]: 2.2.6.0. [0+1]: +Tubar 2.2.6.1. TARAHUMARA-GUARIJÍO [2]: Tarahumara, Guarijío 2.2.6.2. CHITA [1+2]: Yaqui, +Opata, +Cahita 2.2.7. CORACHOL [2]: Cora, Huichol 2.2.8. AZTECAN [2+2]: 2.2.8.1. +POCHUTLA [0+1]: +Pochutla 2.2.8.2. AZTEC PROPER [2+1]: Pipil, +Classical Nahuatl, Nahuatl (= Aztec) 2.3. OTO-MANGUEAN [17+2]: 2.3.1. AMUZGO [1]: Amuzgo 2.3.2. OTOMIAN [6]: 2.3.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Chichimeca, Pame 2.3.2.2. CENTRAL [2]: Mazahua, Otomi 2.3.2.3. SOUTHERN [2]: Matlatzinca, Ocuiltec 2.3.3. MIXTECAN [3]: 2.3.3.1. TRIQUE [1]: Trique 2.3.3.2. MIXTEC-CUICATEC [2]: Mixtec, Cuicatec 2.3.4. POPOLOCAN [4]: 2.3.4.1. MAZATEC [1]: Mazatec 2.3.4.2. IXCATEC-CHOCHO [3]: 2.3.4.2.1. IXCATEC [1]: Ixcatec 2.3.4.2.2. CHOCHO-POPOLOC [2]: Chocho, Popoloc 2.3.5. CHINANTECAN [1]: Chinantec 2.3.6. ZAPOTECAN [2]: Chatino, Zapotec 2.3.7. +MANGUEAN [0+2]: +Mangue, +Chiapanec 3. CHIBCAN-PAEZAN [43+28]: 3.1. CHIBCAN [27+12]: 3.1.0. [4+1]: Tarascan, +Cuitlatec, Xinca, Lenca, Paya 3.1.1. YANOMAM [4]: Sanuma, Yanomami, Yanomamö, Ninam 3.1.2. NUCLEAR CHIBCHAN [19+11]: 3.1.2.0. [2]: Motilon, Cuna 3.1.2.1. MISUMALPAN [2+1]: +Matagalpa, Miskito, Sumo 3.1.2.2. RAMA [2+1]: Rama, Guatuso, +Guetar 3.1.2.3. TALAMANCA [4]: Cabecar, Bribri, Teribe, Borunca 3.1.2.4. GUAYMI [2]: Guaymi, Buglere 3.1.2.5. +ANTIOQUIA [0+4]: +Katio, +Nutabe, +Anserma, +Arma 3.1.2.6. ARUAK [4+2]: +Atanque, +Guamaca, Ica, Cagaba, Chimila, Malayo 3.1.2.7. CHIBCHAN PROPER [3+3]: 3.1.2.7.0. [0+3]: +Chibcha, +Sinsiga, +Duit 3.1.2.7.1. TUNEBO [3]: Eastern Tunebo, Central Tunebo, Western Tunebo 3.2. PAEZAN [16+16]: 3.2.0. [2+4]: +Timucua, Warao, +Kunza, +Betoi, +Chimu, Itonama 3.2.1. +HUARPE [0+2]: +Allentiac, +Millcayac 3.2.2. +JIRAJARAN [0+3]: +Ayoman, +Gayon, +Jirajara 3.2.3. MURA [1+1]: Mura, +Matanawi 3.2.4. NUCLEAR PAEZAN [13+6]: 3.2.4.0. [0+1]: +Andaqui 3.2.4.1. CHOCO [8+1]: Embera, Saija, Catio, Caramanta, Chami, Tado, Baudo, Waunana, +Runa 3.2.4.2. INTER-ANDINE [2+3]: 3.2.4.2.1. COCONUCAN [1+2]: Guambiano, +Coconuco, +Totoro 3.2.4.2.2. PAEZ [1]: Paez 3.2.4.2.3. +POPAYAN [0+1]: +Popayan 3.2.4.3. BARBACOAN [3+1]: 3.2.4.3.1. PASTO [1+1]: Cuaiquer, +Barbacoas 3.2.4.3.2. CAYAPA-COLORADO [2]: Cayapa, Colorado 4. ANDEAN [18+12]: 4.1. +NORTHERN [0+7]: 4.1.0. [0+3]: +Culli, +Sec, +Leco 4.1.1. +CATACAO [0+2]: +Catacao, +Colan 4.1.2. +CHOLONA [0+2]: +Cholona, +Hibito 4.2. URARINA-WAORANI [2+1]: Urarina, Waorani, +Omurano 4.3. CAHUAPANAN-ZAPAROAN [7]: 4.3.1. CAHUAPANAN [2]: Chayahuita, Jebero 4.3.2. ZAPAROAN [5]: Zaparo, Andoa, Arabela, Cahuarano, Iquito 4.4. QUECHUAN [2]: Quechua A, Quechua B 4.5. AYMARAN [2]: Aymara, Jaqaru 4.6. SOUTHERN [5+4]: 4.6.1. +PUELCHE [0+1]: +Puelche 4.6.2. MAPUDUNGU [2]: Mapudungu (= Araucanian), Huilliche 4.6.3. QAWASQAR-YAMANA [2]: Qawasqar (= Alacaluf), Yamana 4.6.4. PATAGONIAN [1+3]: Tehuelche, +Teushen, +Selknam, +Haush 5. EQUATORIAL-TUCANOAN [192+76]: 5.1. MACRO-TUCANOAN [47+12]: 5.1.0. [9+3]: +Auishiri, Canichana, Capishana, +Gamella, Iranshe, Koaia, Movima, Muniche, Natu, +Pankararu, Shukuru, Uman 5.1.1. CAUQUINAN [2+6]: 5.1.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+1]: +Catawishi 5.1.1.2. SOUTHERN [2+5]: +Bendiapa, +Burua, Canamari, Catuquina, +Parawa, +Taware, +Tucundiapa 5.1.2. HUARI [2]: Huari, Masaca 5.1.3. ARUTANI-SAPE [3]: Arutani, Sape, Macu 5.1.4. NAMBIKUARAN [4]: Northern Nambikuara, Southern Nambikuara, Sabanes, Sarare 5.1.5. PUINAVE-MAKU [6]: 5.1.5.0. [1]: Puinave 5.1.5.1. MAKU [5]: Hupda, Guariba, Nadëb, Yahup, Cacua 5.1.6. TICUNA-YURI [1+1]: Ticuna, +Yuri 5.1.7. TUCANOAN [20+2]: 5.1.7.0. [1]: Miriti 5.1.7.1. EASTERN [12]: 5.1.7.1.1. NORTHERN [3]: Tucano, Guanano, Piratapuyo 5.1.7.1.2. CENTRAL [6]: 5.1.7.1.2.1. BARA [1]: Tuyaca 5.1.7.1.2.2. DESANO [2]: Desano, Siriano 5.1.7.1.2.3. TATUYO [3]: Tatuyo, Carapana, Yuruti 5.1.7.1.3. SOUTHERN [3]: 5.1.7.1.3.1. MACUNA [1]: Macuna 5.1.7.1.3.2. BARASANO [2]: Northern Barasano, Southern Barasano 5.1.7.2. CENTRAL [1]: Cubeo 5.1.7.3. WESTERN [6+2]: 5.1.7.3.0. [1]: Tanimuca 5.1.7.3.1. NORTHERN [4+2]: 5.1.7.3.1.0. [2+1]: Coreguaje, Tetete, +Tama 5.1.7.3.1.1. SIONA-SECOYA [2+1]: Siona, Secoya, +Macaguaje 5.1.7.3.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Orejon 5.2. EQUATORIAL [145+64]: 5.2.0. [4+2]: Cayuvava, Camsa, +Taruma, Trumai, +Tusha, Yuracare 5.2.1. PIARORA-SALIBA [2]: Piaroa, Saliba 5.2.2. +TIMOTE [0+2]: +Cuica, +Timote 5.2.3. JIVAROAN [8+1]: 5.2.3.0. [2+1]: Cofan, +Esmeralda, Yaruro 5.2.3.1. CANDOSHI [2]: Candoshi, Taushiro 5.2.3.2. JIVARO PROPER [4]: Achuar, Shuar, Huambisa, Aguaruna 5.2.4. ZAMUCOAN [2]: Ayoreo, Chamacoco 5.2.5. KARIRI-TUPI [46+19]: 5.2.5.1. +KARIRI [0+4]: +Dzubucua, +Kamaru, +Kiriri, +Sapuya 5.2.5.2. TUPI [46+15]: 5.2.5.2.0. [2]: Purubora, Yuqui 5.2.5.2.1. ARIKEM [1+2]: +Arikem, +Kabishiana, Karitiana 5.2.5.2.2. MONDE [4+1]: Arua, Gavião, Surui, Monde, +Digüt 5.2.5.2.3. RAMARAMA [1+3]: Arara, +Ramarama, +Uruku, +Urumi 5.2.5.2.4. YURUNA [1+2]: Yuruna, +Manitsawa, +Shipaya 5.2.5.2.5. TUPARI [5]: Guarategaya, Kepkiriwat, Makurapi, Tupari, Wayoro 5.2.5.2.6. TUPI-GUARANI [32+7]: 5.2.5.2.6.0. [2]: Guayaki, Juma 5.2.5.2.6.1. GROUP I [25+6]: 5.2.5.2.6.1.0. [9+3]: Apiaca, Aweti, Ava, Kamayura, Kayabi, Emerillon, +Karipuna, Oyampi, Pauserna, +Sheta, +Takunape, Tapirape 5.2.5.2.6.1.1. KAWAHIB [3+1]: +Paranawat, Tenharim, Tukumanfed, Wirafed 5.2.5.2.6.1.2. TENETEHARA [8+1]: Amanaye, +Anambe, Tembe, Guajajara, Guaja, Asurini, Arawete, Parakanã, Urubu 5.2.5.2.6.1.3. TUPI [5+1]: Guarani, Kaiwa, Tapiete, Guarayu, Nhengatu, +Potiguara 5.2.5.2.6.2. GROUP II [2]: Cocama, Omagua 5.2.5.2.6.3. GROUP III [3+1]: Mawe, Munduruku, Siriono, +Kuruaya 5.2.6. MACRO-ARAWAKAN [83+40]: 5.2.6.0. [1+1]: Katembri, +Otomaco 5.2.6.1. TINIGUAN [1+1]: Tinigua, +Pamigua 5.2.6.2. GUAHIBAN [5+1]: +Churuya, Guahibo, Cuiba, Guayabero, Macaguan, Playero 5.2.6.3. ARAWAKAN [76+37]: 5.2.6.3.0. [1+2]: +Guamo, +Taino, Chamicuro 5.2.6.3.1. ARAWAN [7+3]: +Arawa, Culina, +Pama, Paumari, Sewacu, +Sipo, Deni, Yamamadi, Yuberi, Banawa 5.2.6.3.2. CHIPAYAN [3+1]: Chipaya, Uru, Callahuaya, +Caranga 5.2.6.3.3. CHAPACURAN [11+4]: 5.2.6.3.3.1. GUAPORE [8+1]: 5.2.6.3.3.1.1. CHAPACURA [2+1]: Chapacura, Itene, +Quitemoca 5.2.6.3.3.1.2. WANYAM [6]: Cabishi, Cujuna, Cumana, Mataua, Wanyam, Urunamacan 5.2.6.3.3.2. MADEIRA [3]: Pakaasnovos, Tora, Urupa 5.2.6.3.3.3. +OCORONO [0+3]: +Herisobocono, +Ocorono, +San Ignacio 5.2.6.3.4. MAIPURAN [54+27]: 5.2.6.3.4.0. [0+1]: +Shebayo 5.2.6.3.4.1. BANIVA-YAVITERO [1+1]: +Baniva, Yavitero 5.2.6.3.4.2. PARESSI-SARAVECA [1+1]: Paressi, +Saraveca 5.2.6.3.4.3. PRE-ANDINE [15+9]: 5.2.6.3.4.3.0. [1]: Amuesha 5.2.6.3.4.3.1. +AMAZONIAN [0+2]: +Marawa, +Waraicu 5.2.6.3.4.3.2. CUTINANA [1+2]: Cushichineri, +Cuniba, +Cutinana 5.2.6.3.4.3.3. JURUA-PURUS [2+4]: Casharari, +Catiana, +Inapari, Apurina, +Maniteneri, +Wainamari 5.2.6.3.4.3.4. MONTANA [11+1]: 5.2.6.3.4.3.4.0. [3+1]: Piro, +Pucapacuri, Puncuri, Sirimeri 5.2.6.3.4.3.4.1. CAMPA [6]: Ashaninca, Asheninca, Pajonal, Caquinte, Machiguenga, Nomatsiguenga 5.2.6.3.4.3.4.2. HARAKMBET [2]: Amarakaeri, Huachipaeri 5.2.6.3.4.4. WAPISHANAN [1]: Wapishana 5.2.6.3.4.5. SOUTHERN [9]: 5.2.6.3.4.5.1. PARANA [3]: Chane, Guana, Terena 5.2.6.3.4.5.2. BOLIVIAN [6]: Baure, Cashiniti, Chiquito, Cozarini, Ignaciano, Trinitario 5.2.6.3.4.6. EASTERN [5]: 5.2.6.3.4.6.0. [1]: Palicur 5.2.6.3.4.6.1. XINGU [4]: Custenau, Yawalapiti, Mehinaku, Waura 5.2.6.3.4.7. NORTHERN [22+15]: 5.2.6.3.4.7.0. [2+2]: Island Carib, +Arua, +Jaoi, Resigaro 5.2.6.3.4.7.1. CAQUETION [1+1]: Achagua, +Caquetio 5.2.6.3.4.7.2. +GUAYUPEAN [0+1]: +Sae 5.2.6.3.4.7.3. ORINOCO [3+2]: Guarequena, Bare, Guinao, +Mawacua, +Maipure 5.2.6.3.4.7.4. PIAPOCAN [1]: Piapoco 5.2.6.3.4.7.5. TA-ARAWAKAN [3+1]: Goajiro, +Guanebucan, Arawak, Paraujano 5.2.6.3.4.7.6. RIO NEGRO [12+8]: 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.1. IZANENI [7]: Baniwa, Curripaco, Pacu, Cuati, Mapanai, Moriwene, Izaneni 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.2. MARITIPARANA [2+1]: Cabiyari, +Matapi, Yucuna 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.3. WIRINA [1+1]: +Wirina, Yabaana 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.4. +TARIANAN [0+2]: +Itayaine, +Tariano 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.5. +YAPURA A [0+2]: +Mariate, +Wainuma 5.2.6.3.4.7.6.6. YAPURA B [2+2]: Cawishana, Yumana, +Passe, +Manao 6. GE-PANO-CARIB [117+76]: 6.1. MACRO-CARIB [47+30]: 6.1.0. [1+1]: Andoke, +Cucura 6.1.1. PEBA-YAGUAN [1+2]: +Peba, +Yameo, Yagua 6.1.2. BORA-WITOTO [9+3]: 6.1.2.1. BORAN [4]: Bora, Faai, Imihita, Muinane 6.1.2.2. WITOTOAN [5+3]: 6.1.2.2.0. [3+3]: Fitita, Ocaina, Nonuya, +Orejone, +Miranya, +Coeruna 6.1.2.2.1. WITOTO PROPER [2]: Meneca, Murui 6.1.3. CARIB [36+24]: 6.1.3.1. NORTHERN [28+22] 6.1.3.1.1. COASTAL [2+6]: 6.1.3.1.1.1. +VENEZUELAN [0+4]: +Chayma, +Cumanagoto, +Yao, +Tamanaco 6.1.3.1.1.2. SIERRA DE PERIJA [2]: Japreria, Yukpa 6.1.3.1.1.3. +OPONE-CARARE [0+2]: +Opone, +Carare 6.1.3.1.2. WESTERN GUIANA [3+2]: Mapoyo, Yabarana, Panare, +Quaca, +Pareca 6.1.3.1.3. GALIBI [1]: Galibi (= Carib) 6.1.3.1.4. EAST-WEST GUIANA [21+7]: 6.1.3.1.4.1. GROUP 1 [3+2]: Wayana, Apalai, +Roucouyene, +Aracaju, Trio 6.1.3.1.4.2. GROUP 2 [4]: Wama, Urukuyana, Triometesen, Kumayena 6.1.3.1.4.3. GROUP 3 [5+1]: Pianakoto, Saluma, +Paushi, Cashuena, Chikena, Waiwai 6.1.3.1.4.4. GROUP 4 [5+3]: +Paravilhana, Wabui, Sapara, Yuapery, Waimiri, +Crichana, Paushiana, +Bonari 6.1.3.1.4.5. GROUP 5 [4+1]: Makushi, Pemon, Patamona, Akawaio, +Arinagoto 6.1.3.1.5. NORTHERN BRAZIL [1+7]: 6.1.3.1.5.1. +GROUP 1 [0+2]: +Palmella, +Pimenteira 6.1.3.1.5.2. GROUP 2 [1+1]: +Yaruma, Chicão 6.1.3.1.5.3. +GROUP 3 [0+4]: +Pariri, +Apiaka, +Arara, +Yuma 6.1.3.2. SOUTHERN [8+2]: 6.1.3.2.1. SOUTHEASTERN COLOMBIA [1+2]: +Hianacoto, +Guaque, Carijona 6.1.3.2.2. XINGU BASIN [2]: Bakairi, Nahukwa 6.1.3.2.3. SOUTHERN GUIANA [5]: Ye'cuana, Wayumara, Parukoto, Hishkaryana, Kashuyana 6.2. GE-PANO [70+46]: 6.2.1. MACRO-PANOAN [49+23]: 6.2.1.1. +CHARRUAN [0+3]: +Charrua, +Chana, +Güenoa 6.2.1.2. +LULE-VILELA [0+2]: +Lule, +Vilela 6.2.1.3. MASCOIAN [5]: Guana, Northern Lengua, Southern Lengua, Sanapana, Emok 6.2.1.4. MOSETEN [1]: Chimane 6.2.1.5. MATACO-GUAICURU [9+3]: 6.2.1.5.1. GUAICURUAN [4+3]: +Abipon, Kadiweu, +Guaicuru, +Guachi, Mocovi, Toba, Pilaga 6.2.1.5.2. MATACO [5]: Chulupi, Chorote, Nocten, Vejoz, Maca 6.2.1.6. PANO-TACANA [34+15]: 6.2.1.6.1. PANOAN [25+9]: 6.2.1.6.1.1. SOUTHERN [3+2]: Chacobo, Pacahuara, Caripuna, +Sinabo, +Zurina 6.2.1.6.1.2. SOUTH-CENTRAL [5+2]: 6.2.1.6.1.2.0. [2]: Amahuaca, Parquenahua 6.2.1.6.1.2.1. YAMINAHUA-SHARANAHUA [3+2]: Yaminahua, Poyanawa, +Shipinawa, +Tushinawa, Sharanahua 6.2.1.6.1.3. SOUTH-EASTERN [5]: Cashinahua, Morunahua, Catuquina, Shahuanahua, Camanahua 6.2.1.6.1.4. WESTERN [1]: Cashibo 6.2.1.6.1.5. NORTH-CENTRAL [6+5]: Capanahua, Shipibo, Isconahua, +Remo, Marubo, +Capuibo, Sensi, Niarawa, +Pichobo, +Araua, +Atsahuaca 6.2.1.6.1.6. NORTHERN [4]: Matses, Mayubo, Rëmoxbo, Pisabo 6.2.1.6.1.7. EASTERN [1]: Kasharari 6.2.1.6.2. TACANAN [9+6]: 6.2.1.6.2.0. [1+2]: Yamaluba, +Arasa, +Guariza 6.2.1.6.2.1. +CHIRIGUA [0+3]: +Maropa, +Chumana, +Sapiboca 6.2.1.6.2.2. TIATINAGUA-TACANA [8+1]: 6.2.1.6.2.2.1. TIATINAGUA [2]: Ese'ejja, Huarayo 6.2.1.6.2.2.2. ARAONA-TACANA [6+1]: 6.2.1.6.2.2.2.1. ARAONA [3]: Capachene, Mabenaro, Araona 6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2. CAVINEÑA-TACANA [3+1]: 6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2.1. CAVINEÑA [1]: Cavineña 6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2.2. TACANA PROPER [2+1]: Tacana, Reyesano, +Toromono 6.2.2. MACRO-GE [21+23]: 6.2.2.0. [5+1]: Rikbaktsa, Fulnio, Guato, Opaye, +Oti, Caraja 6.2.2.1. BORORO [3+5]: 6.2.2.1.1. BORORO PROPER [2+1]: Bororo, Umotina, +Aravira 6.2.2.1.2. OTUKE [1+4]: Otuke, +Covare, +Coraveca, +Curucane, +Tapii 6.2.2.2. BOTOCUDO [1]: Botocudo 6.2.2.3. +CHIQUITO [0+1]: +Chiquito 6.2.2.4. +KAMAKAN [0+5]: +Katasho, +Masacara, +Menien, +Mongoyo, +Kamakan 6.2.2.5. +PURI [0+3]: +Puri, +Coroada, +Coropo 6.2.2.6. YABUTI [2]: Aricapu, Yabuti 6.2.2.7. MASHAKALI [1]: Mashakali 6.2.2.8. GE-KAINGANG [9+8]: 6.2.2.8.1. KAINGANG [2+5]: 6.2.2.8.1.0. [0+1]: +Dorin 6.2.2.8.1.1. NORTHERN [2+1]: Kaingang, Xokleng, +Chiqui 6.2.2.8.1.2. +SOUTHERN [0+3]: +Amho, +Ingain, +Gualachi 6.2.2.8.2. GE [7+3]: 6.2.2.8.2.1. CENTRAL [2+3]: 6.2.2.8.2.1.1. +ACROA [0+3]: +Acroa, +Aricobe, +Guegue 6.2.2.8.2.1.2. ACUA [2]: Chavante, Cherente 6.2.2.8.2.2. NORTHWEST [5]: Apinaye, Suya, Kreen-Akarore, Cayapo, Canela ______________________________________________________________________ Prev: AMERIND Up: INDEX OTHER LANGUAGES LANGUAGE ISOLATES [5+4]: Basque, Burushaski, Ket, Gilyak, Nahali, +Sumerian, +Etruscan, +Hurrian, +Meroitic UNCLASSIFIED [16]: Warenbori (New Guinea), Taurap (New Guinea), Yuri (New Guinea), Busa (New Guinea), Nagatman (New Guinea), Porome (New Guinea), Pauwi (New Guinea), Messep (New Guinea), Carabayo (Colombia), Guaviare (Colombia), Yari (Columbia), Mutus (Venezuela), Yuwana (Venezuela), Kohoroxitari (Brazil), Arara (Brazil), Chiquitano (Bolivia) PIDGINS AND CREOLES [37]: 1. SWAHILI-BASED [1]: Asian Swahili 2. XHOSA-BASED [1]: Fanagolo 3. ENGLISH-BASED [17]: 3.1. ATLANTIC [10]: Sea Island Creole (= Gulla), Guyanese, Western Caribbean Creole, Lesser Antillean Creole, Krio, Wescos, Djuka, Saramaccan, Sranan, Pitcairnese 3.2. PACIFIC [7]: Hawaiian Creole, Roper River Creole, Torres Strait Creole, Tok Pisin, Bislama, Solomon Pijin, Micronesian Pidgin 4. DUTCH-BASED [1]: Dutch Creole 5. GERMAN-BASED [1]: Unserdeutsch 6. FRENCH-BASED [1]: French Creole 7. SPANISH-BASED [3]: Bamboo Spanish, Chavacano, Palenquero 8. PORTUGUESE-BASED [8]: Indo-Portuguese, Macanese, Malacca Creole, Timor Pidgin, Crioulo, Fa d'amba, Papiamento, Cafundo Creole 9. RUSSIAN-BASED [1]: Russo-Norsk 10. NAGA-BASED [1]: Naga Pidgin 11. MALAY-BASED [1]: Bazaar Malay 12. MOTU-BASED [1]: Hiri Motu 13. CHINOOK-BASED [1]: Chinook Jargon INVENTED [2]: Esperanto, Interlingua ______________________________________________________________________ Not maintained by David Stampe stampe@hawaii.edu