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| kecak dance |
| The latter that serves as a basic for the following "Language categories" : 1. The Basa Lumrah ("biasa" or "ketah") : used when speaking to people of the same level, as well as friends and family 2. The Basa sor ("Rendah"): used to address non - caste people of a lower level (inferiors). 3. The Basa Madia ("Mider"): a mixture of Basa lumrah and Basa Alus. It can also be dubbed the "Language of Courtesy"; and this is now perhaps the most common or fashionable on the island of today. 4. Basa Alus: used among more cultured individuals (akin to B. Kromo in Java) 5. Basa Singgih: used to address superiors, or people of high standing Notes: • When someone wishes to honor / respect the person being addressed, the language can be a mixture of Basa-singgih and Basa-alus; the same is the case when wishing to convey respect to a person one is speaking about • When speaking of oneself to people that merit respect, the language can be a combination of the Basa Sor and Basa Alus; the same is used when the speaker chooses to humble himself • Some have found it expedient to distinguish or limit Balinese word categories to but there: o The Ia or low language: the language used between inimical, equals or inferior. o The ipun or polite language: used when speaking of superiors, or in addressing superiors or strangers. o The Ida or High language: used when speaking to persons of status. Dictionaries and Grammars are still a rarity in Bali. Furthermore, Balinese is essentially "a spoken language"; though there are some written records, lontar documents and Balinese folkfore ("satuwa-satuwa").It is not easy to speak of any "set rules" as regards syntax or Balinese Grammar; and this obtains especially with the formation of certain words, e.g. the verbs. (from various sources) |