There
are many
folktales in the Minangkabau
language, most of them
are about wisdom and the philosophy of life. In folktales there are
messages
for Human beings.They are meant for humans to learn from
their
circumstances, as the proverb says "growth in nature becomes a
teacher". Usually folktales are presented together with art
performances
like the randai. For two decades ago, it seems that the
randai
performances
have been presented in limited places, mostly in
the highlands and not in coastal areas, therefore the younger
generations in
coastal areas do not know very much about folktales. One of the
folktales is Sabai Nan Aluih.
Sabai
Nan Aluih
Minangkabau
Version
Tasabuiklah
nagari di Minangkabau di
zaman saisuak dulu, Nagari banamo Padang Tarok dan disinanlah manatap
Rajo Nan Panjang jo bininyo Sadun Saribai. Pasanganiko punyo duo
urang anak, anak padusi banamo Sabai nan Aluih, sadangkan nan bujang
banamo Mangkutak Alam. Urang kampuang saisi nagari tau jo si Sabai
sabagai gadih nan rancak, muluik
manih kucindan murah,
rajin,
pandai mamasak dan mananun. Sabai pandai juo ilimu silek ka bela diri.
Sadangkan anak laki-laki Mangkutak karajonyo iyolah bamain
sapanjang ari, inyo hobi maadu ayam di galanggang. Tapi Rajo
Babandiang sangaitlah sayang ka kaduo anaknyo, talabiah malah ka si
Mangkutak, anak
bungsu si biran tulang paliang
disayang dek Rajo
Babandiang.
Di sabalah nagari
ko, banamo Kampuang
Situjuah. Nan paliang kayo di Kampuang ko banamo Rajo Nan Panjang.
Salain kayo, iyo bagak pulo, inyo pun tenar sabagai urang
galiah,
aka bapilin, maanggap sagalonyo dalam ganggaman tangannyo, barajo
ka
diri surang.
Rajo Nan Panjang ko sangaitlah suko ka Sabai dan
disampaikanlah lamaran janyo Sabai ka jadi induak bareh malalui anak
buahnyo ka Rajo Babandiang. Indak bapikia duo kali, Rajo Babandiang jo
Sabai manulak mantah mukasuik Rajo Nan Panjang. Maraso dihino karano
lamaran ditulak, Rajo Nan Panjang bangih dan mamintak lego jo
Rajo Babandiang. Sabagai rang Minang lah ka jaleh pantang
manulak
tantangan, musuah ndak dicari tapi pantang manulak. Mako sapakaiklah
kaduonyo balego di Bukik Padang Panabuan.
Lakeklah Rajo Nan
Panjang sabagai urang
nan galiah, bak pepatah talunjuik
luruih, kalingkiang bakaik,
Rajo Nan
Panjang bausaho manang malawan Rajo Babandiang, ndak manimbang kalau
caronyo tu halal atau haram, pokoknyo musti manang. Manolah
nyo
buek rencana jo anak buahnyo. “jikok den nampak ka kalah,
tembak
jo sinapan dek ang angku Rajo Babandiang tu dari baliak rimbun
samak” kecek Rajo Nan Panjang. Baitulah kajadiannyo, salamo
batandiang di Bukik Padang Panabuan, Rajo Nan Panjang tasasak
dan
kalah basilek dari Rajo Nan Panjang. Si anak buah nan manyuruak di
baliak rimbun samak lah siap jo sinapan nan maarah ka Rajo Babandiang.
Tibo-tibo sinapan malatuih dan Rajo Babandiang tagolek indak banyao lai.
Dalam pado itu,
surang anak gumbalo nan
mancaliak kajadian tu manyampaikan langsuang ka Sabai jo Mande Sadun
Saribai di Rumah Gadang. Ndak dapek dikato kaduonyo sangaiklak baibo
hati. Disampaikan barito ko ka Mangkutak, tapi ndak jadi
paratian
dek nyo, karano masih asyik jo sabuang ayam. Sabai nan indak manarimo
kajadian ko bajalan lah ka Bukik Padang Panabuan dan manyonsong Rajo
Nan Panjang di sinan. Sakali lai Rajo Nan Panjang maajak si Sabai ka
Induak barehnyo, sugiro pulo Sabai manulak, malah bapajaleh
niek
ka mambaleh kamatian Bapak. Sacapek kilek Sabai marabuik
sinapan
nan alah mailangkan nyao apaknyo dari anak Buah Rajo Nan Panjang dan
door… ! Rajo Nan Panjang pun tagolek indak banyao. Sabai
pulang
ka Rumah Gadang jo maik Bapak nyo. Bia Bapak indak ado lai tapi bak
pepapah mambangkik batang
tarandam,
raso lah tabaleh kamatian Bapak.
Sabai lah mambaliakkan harago diri jo namo baik sanak
kaluarga
lah cukuik maubek luko kailangan Bapak jadi bakurang.

source:
Indonesian
Version
Pada
zaman dulu di Nagari Padang Tarok Sumatera Barat , hidup
sepasang
suami istri Rajo Babanding dan
Sadun Saribai. Keluarga bahagia ini dikaruniai 2 orang anak, yang
laki-laki bernama Mangkutak Alam dan anak perempuan bernama
Sabai
Nan Aluih. Sabai, adalah seorang gadis yang cantik jelita, ramah dan
pemberani. Ia pandai menari, mahir mengerjakaan pekerjaan perempuan
seperti memasak dan menenun. Tapi ia juga pandai beladiri dan memiliki
pendidikan. Sayangnya, Mangkutak Alam sangat berbeda dengan Sabai.
Meskipun ia tampan tapi ia sangat sombong dan pemalas. Kerjanya hanya
berleha-leha, menyabung ayam, tidur dan bermalas-malas sepanjang hari.
Namun, Rajo Babanding sangat mencintai kedua anaknya terutama Mangkutak
Alam.
Sementara itu di desa tetangga
bernama Kampung Situjuh, hiduplah Rajo Nan Panjang, seorang pengusaha
kaya di Kampung Situjuh, tapi terkenal livcik dan menganggap
semuanya bisa dibeli dengan uang termasuk kekuasaan. Mendengar akan
kecantikan Sabai Nan Aluih, Rajo Nan Panjang mengutus perwakilannya
untuk meminang Sabai kepada ayahnya Rajo Babanding. Maka diutuslah
pengawal mewakili Rajo Nan Panjang menyampaikan pinangan
kepada
Rajo Babanding. Raja Babanding menolak mentah2 pinangan Rajo Nan
Panjang, beliau tidak sudi memiliki menantu yang licik yang mendapatkan
hartanya dengan cara2 yang tidak bersih. Mendengar Rajo Babanding
menolak lamarannya, Raja Nan Panjang amat marah. Ia mengingatkan Rajo
Babanding akan tradisi yang ada di tanah Minang, yaitu apabila seorang
ayah menolak lamaran dari seorang laki-laki maka kedua laki-laki ini
harus berduel demi membela harga diri. Rajo Babanding sangat sadar akan
konsekwensi ini dan tidak takut, bahkan untuk menjaga kehormatan
keluarganya beliau menerima tantangan duel Rajo Nan Panjang untuk
berlaga di Padang Panabuan.
Namun
sayangnya Rajo Nan Panjang
berlaku licik dalam pertandingan tersebut. Ia menyuruh seorang anak
buahnya untuk mengawasi jalannya pertandingan. Bila Rajo
NanPanjang terjepit dan akan kalah maka ia menyuruh anak buahnya itu
untuk menembah jarak jauh Rajo Babandiang. Akhirnya apa yang
dicemaskan RajoNan Panjang terjadi juga, dalam pertandingn
silat
duel di Bukuk Panabuan itu, ia terdesak dan nyaris kalah dan
anak
buahnya yang telah bersiap-siap ditempat
tersembunyi
untuk mengarahkan moncong senjatanya ke arah Rajo Babandiang, akhirnya
Rajo Babandiang tewas di arena pertandingan.
Seorang Anak gembala memberitahukan
kekalahan tersebut ke Sabai dan Ibunya yang berada di Rumah
Gadang. Jelas berita ini amat menyedihkan mereka, kehilangan
kepala keluarg.Sabai tidak menerima kekalahan tersebut. Sabai
meneguhkan hatinya untuk membalas dendam atas kematian
ayahnya
tercinta, sementara Mangkutak Alam, masih sibuk dengan permainan
menyabung ayamnta dan tak peduli dengan kematian ayahnya. Bahkan ia tak
berniat untuk membalas dendam atas kematian ayahnya. Sebaliknya dengan
Sabai, sekonyong-konyong Sabai seorang diri menyandang senjata dan
pergi ke arena pertarungan Bapaknya dengan Rajo Nan Panjang yang masih
bangga dengan kemenangan dengan cara licik itu. Sabai mengatakan tidak
terima atas kematian ayahnya, lalu ia menantang Rajo Nan Panjang
bertarung demi membalas kematian ayahnya.
Meski
Rajo Nan Panjang membujuk Sabai
untuk mau menikah dengannya tapi Sabai sudah berketetapan hati untuk
membalas kematian ayahnya dan menolak menikah dengan orang yang sudah
membunuh ayahnya. Seperti diketahui, Sabai juga belajar silat
dan
mahir dengan bela diri ini, ia merebut senjata yang dipegang anak buah
rajo Nan Panjang yang telah menyebabkan kematian Bapaknya, dan
mengarahkan ke Rajo Nan Panjang, maka tak heran kalo Sabai memenangkan
pertarungan melawan Rajo Nan Panjang. Meski Sabai sudah tidak memiliki
ayah lagi, tapi Sabai yang perempuan sudah berjuang dan
sukses
membela harga diri dan nama baik keluarganya. Bahwa perempuan yang
lemah seperti kebanyakan pandangan orang selama ini tidak terbukti pada
Sabai

source: http://wereldreis.zondervleugels.nl/smartsite91.htm
English
Version
Once
upon a time, there was a happy
family in Nagari Padang Tarok, West Sumatra. They had one daughter
and one son. The husband was named Rajo Babandiang and his wife was
named Sadun Saribai. Their children's names were Sabai Nan Aluih and
Mangkutak Alam. Sabai was a beautiful and fearless girl; she was good
at cooking and other homemaking duties. Moreover, she was smart,
diligent
and skilled in a martial art that is called
‘silek’. In
contrast, her brother Mangkutak Alam was a lazy son. He always engaged
in recreation and sometimes gambled as well. Rajo Babandiang
always
adored his children and even though Mangkutak Alam was a slothful
person,
he loved him very much.
Close
to Nagari Padang Tarok was Kampung
Situjuh. In this place there was a rich man who was named Rajo Nan
Panjang. He was a wealthy and powerful person, but was cunning and
guileful. He knew that Sabai was a beautiful girl
and he wanted to marry her. Then, he sent his man to express his love
to Sabai Nan Aluih. Of course Rajo Babandiang refused Rajo Nan
Panjang's proposal because he did not want his daughter to have such a
dreadful
husband. As a result, Rajo Nan Panjang became irritated. He got angry
and
he wanted to fight with Rajo Babandiang. (It is an old custom to answer
the
fight for the sake of prestige both of their family).
Consequently, Padang Panabuan, a mountain area between Nagari
Padang Tarok and Kampung Situjuh was the location they chose to fight
each
other.
Once
they made the agreement, there was fighting between Rajo Babandiang and
Rajo Nan Panjang in Padang
Panabuan, but the combat was unfair. Rajo Nan Panjang was crafty.
Before fighting, he planned to have a person watch the fight when it
seemed like he would be conquered, he ordered his person to shoot Rajo
Babandiang from far away in the hiding place. As he assumed, Rajo
Babandiang dominated the fight, then his man acted on their plan.
As a result, the bullet struck
Rajo Babandiang and he died.
Fortunately, there was a shepherd who
was watching the fight. He reported to Sabai and her mother the
death of Rajo Nan Panjang. Of course, this bad news made them
gloomy. Sabai decided to avenge the death of her father while
Mangkutak Alam did not care and was busy gambling.
Swiftly, Sabai went to Padang Panabuan alone, she met with Rajo Nan
Panjang who still persuaded her to be his wife. Again Sabai
reject his offered and said that she could not accept that Rajo nan
Panjang’s had killed her father. Suddenly she grasped the gun
that
was held by Rajo Nan Panjang’s staff and killed
him, as a
result he died. Sabai demostrated that as a woman, she could defend
her family. An adage that stated woman are weak and always cry was
insignificant for Sabai. She was willing to fight for her
family’s prestige. She was able to do what
she needed to do.
PROVERB
Young
generation in West Sumatra are not familiar with these
proverbs based on Sabai
Nan Aluih Folktales
because they do not use these proverbs often
nowadays. The Minangkabau
language is influenced by other
languages, especially for the youg people that living in coastal area
(daerah Rantau). Most young people are can not determine correctly
what the meaning of the proverbs.
(Please
click on each of the above
letters to hear the sound files of these proverbs)
1.
Muluik
manih kucindan murah,
(muluik
=
mouth)
(manih=sweet) (Kucindan=
saying) (Murah= cheap)
To describe how
beautiful,
friendly and elegant women are through what she said from her mouth.
Her words are nice and pleasant to all the
people.
2.
anak bungsu sibiran tulang
(anak = child)
(bungsu=
youngest)
(sibiran
= part
) (Tulang
=bone)
To describe your only
one very precious child .
3. barajo ka
diri surang
(ba-rajo=
prefix-king) (ka=to)
(
surang=yourself)
Person that is arrogant,
powerful, feeling that he is genuine
always.
4.
talunjuik luruih, kalingkiang bakaik
(Talunjuik=
index finger), (luruih=
straight), (kalingkiang=little
finger) (bakaik=
crooked)
Behind some
one’s back, secretive,
cunning.
5.
mambangkik batang tarandam
(Mam-bangkik = transitive prefix -
rise), (batang = stem),
(ta-randam =
prefix-sink)
To rise soaked
stem
: revenge for her father's name.